Entry into force: Convention entered into force on 4 December 1969.
Status: 185 Parties.
State Date of signature
Date of deposit of
instrument of
ratification,
accession or
succession Effective date
Afghanistan 15 April 1977 14 July 1977
Albania 1 December 1997 1 March 1998
Algeria (1) 12 October 1995 10 January 1996
Andorra (37) 17 May 2006 15 August 2006
Angola 24 February 1998 25 May 1998
Antigua and Barbuda 19 July 1985 17 October 1985
Argentina 23 July 1971 21 October 1971
Armenia 23 January 2003 23 April 2003
Australia 22 June 1970 20 September 1970
Austria 7 February 1974 8 May 1974
Azerbaijan (1) 5 February 2004 5 May 2004
Bahamas (2) 12 June 1975 10 July 1973
Bahrain (1)(3) 9 February 1984 9 May 1984
Bangladesh 25 July 1978 23 October 1978
Barbados 25 June 1969 4 April 1972 3 July 1972
Belarus (1)(4) 3 February 1988 3 May 1988
Belgium 20 December 1968 6 August 1970 4 November 1970
Belize 19 May 1998 17 August 1998
Benin 30 March 2004 28 June 2004
Bhutan 25 January 1989 25 April 1989
Bolivia 5 July 1979 3 October 1979
Bosnia and Herzegovina (5) 7 March 1995 6 March 1992
Botswana 16 January 1979 16 April 1979
Brazil 28 February 1969 14 January 1970 14 April 1970
Brunei Darussalam 23 May 1986 21 August 1986
Bulgaria (6) 28 September 1989 27 December 1989
Burkina Faso 14 September 1963 6 June 1969 4 December 1969
Burundi 14 July 1971 12 October 1971
Cambodia 22 October 1996 20 January 1997
Cameroon 24 March 1988 22 June 1988
Canada 4 November 1964 7 November 1969 5 February 1970
Cape Verde 4 October 1989 2 January 1990
Central African Republic 11 June 1991 9 September 1991
Chad 30 June 1970 28 September 1970
Chile 24 January 1974 24 April 1974
China (1)(7)(8)(33) 14 November 1978 12 February 1979
Colombia 8 November 1968 6 July 1973 4 October 1973
Comoros 23 May 1991 21 August 1991
Congo 14 September 1963 13 November 1978 11 February 1979
Cook Islands (36) 12 April 2005 11 July 2005
Costa Rica 24 October 1972 22 January 1973
Côte d’Ivoire 3 June 1970 1 September 1970
Croatia (9) 5 October 1993 8 October 1991
Cuba (1) 12 February 2001 13 May 2001
Cyprus 31 May 1972 29 August 1972
Czech Republic (10) 25 March 1993 1 January 1993
Democratic People’s Republic
of Korea (1) 9 May 1983 7 August 1983
Tokyo Convention – 2 –
14 September 1963
State Date of signature
Date of deposit of
instrument of
ratification,
accession or
succession Effective date
Democratic Republic of the
Congo 20 July 1977 18 October 1977
Denmark 21 November 1966 17 January 1967 4 December 1969
Djibouti 10 June 1992 8 September 1992
Dominican Republic 3 December 1970 3 March 1971
Ecuador 8 July 1969 3 December 1969 3 March 1970
Egypt (1) 12 February 1975 13 May 1975
El Salvador 13 February 1980 13 May 1980
Equatorial Guinea 27 February 1991 28 May 1991
Estonia 31 December 1993 31 March 1994
Ethiopia (1) 27 March 1979 25 June 1979
Fiji (11) 31 January 1972 10 October 1970
Finland 24 October 1969 2 April 1971 1 July 1971
France 11 July 1969 11 September 1970 10 December 1970
Gabon 14 January 1970 14 April 1970
Gambia 4 January 1979 4 April 1979
Georgia 16 June 1994 14 September 1994
Germany (12) 14 September 1963 16 December 1969 16 March 1970
Ghana 2 January 1974 2 April 1974
Greece 21 October 1969 31 May 1971 29 August 1971
Grenada 28 August 1978 26 November 1978
Guatemala (1) 14 September 1963 17 November 1970 15 February 1971
Guinea 18 January 1994 18 April 1994
Guinea-Bissau 17 October 2008 15 January 2009
Guyana 20 December 1972 19 March 1973
Haiti 26 April 1984 25 July 1984
Holy See 14 September 1963
Honduras (1) 8 April 1987 7 July 1987
Hungary (13) 3 December 1970 3 March 1971
Iceland 16 March 1970 14 June 1970
India (1) 22 July 1975 20 October 1975
Indonesia (1) 14 September 1963 7 September 1976 6 December 1976
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 28 June 1976 29 September 1976
Iraq (14) 15 May 1974 13 August 1974
Ireland 20 October 1964 14 November 1975 12 February 1976
Israel 1 November 1968 19 September 1969 18 December 1969
Italy 14 September 1963 18 October 1968 4 December 1969
Jamaica 16 September 1983 15 December 1983
Japan 14 September 1963 26 May l970 24 August 1970
Jordan 3 May 1973 1 August 1973
Kazakhstan 18 May 1995 16 August 1995
Kenya 22 June 1970 20 September 1970
Kuwait (15) 27 November 1979 25 February 1980
Kyrgyzstan 28 February 2000 28 May 2000
Lao People’s Democratic
Republic 23 October 1972 21 January 1973
Latvia 10 June 1997 8 September 1997
Lebanon 11 June 1974 9 September 1974
Lesotho 28 April 1972 27 July 1972
Liberia 14 September 1963 10 March 2003 8 June 2003
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 21 June 1972 19 September 1972
Liechtenstein 26 February 2001 27 May 2001
Lithuania 21 November 1996 19 February 1997
– 3 – Tokyo Convention
14 September 1963
State Date of signature
Date of deposit of
instrument of
ratification,
accession or
succession Effective date
Luxembourg 21 September 1972 20 December 1972
Madagascar 2 December 1969 2 December 1969 2 March 1970
Malawi (1) 28 December 1972 28 March 1973
Malaysia 5 March 1985 3 June 1985
Maldives 28 September 1987 27 December 1987
Mali 31 May 1971 29 August 1971
Malta 28 June 1991 26 September 1991
Marshall Islands 15 May 1989 13 August 1989
Mauritania 30 June 1977 28 September 1977
Mauritius 5 April 1983 4 July 1983
Mexico 24 December 1968 18 March 1969 4 December 1969
Monaco 2 June 1983 31 August 1983
Mongolia 24 July 1990 22 October 1990
Montenegro (38) 20 December 2007 3 June 2006
Morocco (16) 21 October 1975 19 January 1976
Mozambique (35) 6 January 2003 6 April 2003
Myanmar 23 May 1996 21 August 1996
Namibia 19 December 2005 19 March 2006
Nauru 17 May 1984 15 August 1984
Nepal 15 January 1979 15 April 1979
Netherlands (17) 9 June 1967 14 November 1969 12 February 1970
New Zealand (36) 12 February 1974 13 May 1974
Nicaragua 24 August 1973 22 November 1973
Niger 14 April 1969 27 June 1969 4 December 1969
Nigeria 29 June 1965 7 April 1970 6 July 1970
Niue 23 June 2009 21 September 2009
Norway 19 April 1966 17 January 1967 4 December 1969
Oman (1)(18) 9 February 1977 10 May 1977
Pakistan 6 August 1965 11 September 1973 10 December 1973
Palau 12 October 1995 10 January 1996
Panama 14 September 1963 16 November 1970 14 February 1971
Papua New Guinea (1)(19) 15 December 1975 16 September 1975
Paraguay 9 August 1971 7 November 1971
Peru (1) 12 May 1978 10 August 1978
Philippines 14 September 1963 26 November 1965 4 December 1969
Poland (20) 19 March 1971 17 June 1971
Portugal (31)(32) 11 March 1964 25 November 1964 4 December 1969
Qatar 6 August 1981 5 December 1981
Republic of Korea 8 December 1965 19 February 1971 20 May 1971
Republic of Moldova 20 June 1997 18 September 1997
Romania (1) 15 February 1974 16 May 1974
Russian Federation (1)(21) 3 February 1988 3 May 1988
Rwanda 17 May 1971 15 August 1971
Saint Lucia 31 October 1983 29 January 1984
Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines 18 November 1991 16 February 1992
Samoa 9 July 1998 7 October 1998
Sao Tome and Principe 4 May 2006 2 August 2006
Saudi Arabia 6 April 1967 21 November 1969 19 February 1970
Senegal 20 February 1964 9 March 1972 7 June 1972
Serbia (34) 6 September 2001 27 April 1992
Seychelles 4 January 1979 4 April 1979
Sierra Leone 9 November 1970 7 February 1971
Tokyo Convention – 4 –
14 September 1963
State Date of signature
Date of deposit of
instrument of
ratification,
accession or
succession Effective date
Singapore 1 March 1971 30 May 1971
Slovakia (22) 20 March 1995 1 January 1993
Slovenia (23) 18 December 1992 25 June 1991
Solomon Islands (24) 23 March 1982 7 July 1978
South Africa (1) 26 May 1972 24 August 1972
Spain 27 July 1964 1 October 1969 30 December 1969
Sri Lanka 30 May 1978 28 August 1978
Sudan 25 May 2000 23 August 2000
Suriname (25) 10 September 1979 25 November 1975
Swaziland 15 November 1999 13 February 2000
Sweden 14 September 1963 17 January 1967 4 December 1969
Switzerland 31 October 1969 21 December 1970 21 March 1971
Syrian Arab Republic (1) 31 July 1980 29 October 1980
Tajikistan 20 March 1996 18 June 1996
Thailand 6 March 1972 4 June 1972
The former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia (26) 30 August 1994 17 September 1991
Togo 26 July 1971 24 October 1971
Tonga 13 February 2002 14 May 2002
Trinidad and Tobago 9 February 1972 9 May 1972
Tunisia (1) 25 February 1975 26 May 1975
Turkey 17 December 1975 16 March 1976
Turkmenistan 30 June 1999 28 September 1999
Uganda 25 June 1982 23 September 1982
Ukraine (1)(27) 29 February 1988 29 May 1988
United Arab Emirates (28) 16 April 1981 15 July 1981
United Kingdom (29)(30) 14 September 1963 29 November 1968 4 December 1969
United Republic of Tanzania 12 August 1983 10 November 1983
United States 14 September 1963 5 September 1969 4 December 1969
Uruguay 26 January 1977 26 April 1977
Uzbekistan 31 July 1995 29 October 1995
Vanuatu 31 January 1989 1 May 1989
Venezuela (1) 13 March 1964 4 February 1983 5 May 1983
Viet Nam (1) 10 October 1979 8 January 1980
Yemen 26 September 1986 25 December 1986
Zambia 14 September 1971 13 December 1971
Zimbabwe 8 March 1989 6 June 1989
(1) Reservation: Does not consider itself bound by Article 24, paragraph 1, of the Convention.
(2) On 12 June 1975, a declaration dated 15 May 1975 was deposited with the International Civil Aviation
Organization by the Government of the Bahamas indicating that the Bahamas considers itself to be bound to the
Tokyo Convention by virtue of the ratification of the United Kingdom and pursuant to customary international
law. The Bahamas attained independence on 10 July 1973.
(3) Reservation: “The accession of the State of Bahrain to the Convention shall not be considered or interpreted as
recognition of ‘Israel’ either generally or implicitly under the Convention”.
(4) Declaration dated 17 December 1987 by the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (now the Republic of
Belarus) that “the accession of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic to the Convention on Offences and
Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft does not affect its rights and obligations under agreements in
force on the suppression of acts of unlawful interference with civil aviation, to which it is a Party”.
(5) An instrument of succession by the Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was deposited with
the International Civil Aviation Organization on 7 March 1995, with effect from 6 March 1992.
(6) Declaration dated 21 August 1989 by the People’s Republic of Bulgaria (now the Republic of Bulgaria) that
“the accession of the People’s Republic of Bulgaria to the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts
– 5 – Tokyo Convention
14 September 1963
Committed on Board Aircraft does not affect its rights and obligations under the multilateral and bilateral
agreements on acts of unlawful interference against civil aviation, to which it is a Party”.
(7) The instrument of accession contains the following statement: “The Chinese Government declares illegal and
null and void the signature and ratification by the Chiang clique usurping the name of China in regard to the
above-mentioned Convention”.
(8) Notification issued by the Government of the People’s Republic of China dated 5 June 1997:
“The Convention . . . to which the Government of the People’s Republic of China deposited its instrument of
accession on 14 November 1978, will apply to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region with effect from
1 July 1997. The Government of the People’s Republic of China also makes the following declaration:
The reservation to Paragraph 1 of Article 24 of the Convention made by the Government of the People’s
Republic of China when it deposited its instrument of accession on 14 November 1978 will also apply to the
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
The Government of the People’s Republic of China will assume responsibility for the international rights and
obligations arising from the application of the Convention to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.”
(9) An instrument of succession by the Government of the Republic of Croatia was deposited with the International
Civil Aviation Organization on 5 October 1993, with effect from 8 October 1991.
(10) By a Note dated 8 March 1993, received on 25 March 1993, the Government of the Czech Republic informed
the International Civil Aviation Organization that, as a successor State created as a result of the dissolution of
the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, it considered itself bound by the Convention with effect from
1 January 1993.
(11) On 31 January 1972, a declaration dated 18 January 1972 was deposited with the International Civil Aviation
Organization by the Government of Fiji indicating that Fiji succeeded, upon independence, to the rights and
obligations of the United Kingdom in respect of this Convention. Fiji attained independence on
10 October 1970.
(12) The German Democratic Republic, which acceded to the Convention on 10 January 1989, acceded to the
Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990.
(13) On 12 December 1989, a declaration dated 16 October 1989 was deposited with the International Civil Aviation
Organization by the Government of Hungary whereby that Government withdraws the reservation made at the
time of accession on 3 December 1970 with regard to Article 24, paragraph 1, of the Convention. The
declaration took effect on 12 December 1989.
(14) Accession by the Republic of Iraq to the Convention shall, however, in no way signify recognition of Israel or
entry into any relations with it.
(15) It is understood that the accession to the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board
Aircraft, done at Tokyo, 1963, does not mean in any way recognition of Israel by the State of Kuwait.
Furthermore, no treaty relation will arise between the State of Kuwait and Israel.
(16) “In case of a dispute, all recourse must be made to the International Court of Justice on the basis of the
unanimous consent of the parties concerned”.
(17) Declaration: “. . . the Convention, with respect to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, shall not enter into force for
Suriname and/or the Netherlands Antilles until the ninetieth day after the date on which the Government of the
Kingdom of the Netherlands will have notified the International Civil Aviation Organization that in Suriname
and/or in the Netherlands Antilles the necessary steps for giving effect to the provisions of the above-mentioned
Convention have been taken”.
Note 1: On 4 June 1974, a declaration dated 10 May 1974 was deposited with the International Civil Aviation
Organization by the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands stating that the necessary steps for
giving effect to the provisions of the Convention have been taken in regard to making the Convention
applicable to Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles. Accordingly, the Convention takes effect for
Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles on 2 September 1974. (See also footnote 25)
Note 2: By a Note dated 30 December 1985 the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands informed the
International Civil Aviation Organization that as of 1 January 1986 the Convention is applicable to the
Netherlands Antilles (without Aruba) and to Aruba.
(18) The accession by the Government of the Sultanate of Oman to the Convention does not mean or imply, and shall
not be interpreted as, recognition of Israel generally or in the context of this Convention.
(19) On 15 December 1975, a declaration dated 6 November 1975 was deposited with the International Civil
Aviation Organization by the Government of Papua New Guinea indicating that Papua New Guinea desired to
be treated as a party in its own right to the Tokyo Convention, which had entered into force for Australia
on 20 September 1970 and had applied to the Territory of Papua and Trust Territory of New Guinea. Papua
New Guinea attained independence on 16 September 1975.
Tokyo Convention – 6 –
14 September 1963
(20) On 18 June 1997, a declaration dated 30 April 1997 was deposited with the International Civil Aviation
Organization by the Government of the Republic of Poland whereby that Government withdraws the reservation
made at the time of accession on 19 March 1971 with regard to Article 24, paragraph 1, of the Convention. The
declaration took effect on 18 June 1997.
(21) Declaration dated 4 December 1987 by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (now the Russian Federation)
that “the accession of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to the Convention on Offences and Certain Other
Acts Committed on Board Aircraft does not affect its rights and obligations under bilateral and multilateral
agreements in force on the suppression of acts of unlawful interference with civil aviation, to which it is a
Party”.
(22) By a Note dated 16 February 1995, received on 20 March 1995, the Government of the Slovak Republic
informed the International Civil Aviation Organization that, as a successor State, born from the dissolution
of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, it considered itself bound by the Convention with effect from
1 January 1993.
(23) An instrument of succession by the Government of the Republic of Slovenia was deposited with the
International Civil Aviation Organization on 18 December 1992, with effect from 25 June 1991.
(24) An instrument of succession by the Government of Solomon Islands was deposited with the International
Civil Aviation Organization on 23 March 1982, with effect from 7 July 1978.
(25) An instrument of succession was deposited with the International Civil Aviation Organization on
10 September 1979. Prior to that date the provisions of the Convention applied to Suriname by virtue of
a declaration dated 10 May 1974 by the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Republic of
Suriname attained independence on 25 November 1975. (See also footnote 16.)
(26) An instrument of succession by the Government of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia was deposited
with the International Civil Aviation Organization on 30 August 1994, with effect from 17 September 1991.
(27) Declaration dated 13 January 1988 by the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (now Ukraine) that
“the accession of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic to the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts
Committed on Board Aircraft does not affect its rights and obligations under bilateral and multilateral
agreements in force on the suppression of acts of unlawful interference with civil aviation, to which it is a
Party”.
(28) Reservation: “In accepting the said Convention, the Government of the United Arab Emirates takes the view
that its acceptance of the said Convention does not in any way imply its recognition of Israel, nor does it oblige
to apply the provisions of the Convention in respect of the said Country”.
(29) Declaration: “. . . the provisions of the Convention shall not apply in regard to Southern Rhodesia unless and
until the Government of the United Kingdom informs the International Civil Aviation Organization that they are
in a position to ensure that the obligations imposed by the Convention in respect of that territory can be fully
implemented”.
Note: On 1 December 1982, a declaration dated 12 November 1982 was deposited with the International
Civil Aviation Organization stating that the provisions of the Convention shall extend to Anguilla.
Accordingly, the Convention takes effect for Anguilla on 1 December 1982.
(30) Statement issued by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, dated
18 June 1997:
“. . . in accordance with the Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong, signed
on 19 December 1984, the Government of the United Kingdom will restore Hong Kong to the People=s
Republic of China with effect from 1 July 1997. The Government of the United Kingdom will continue to have
international responsibility for Hong Kong until that date. Therefore, from that date the Government of the
United Kingdom will cease to be responsible for the international rights and obligations arising from the
application of the Convention to Hong Kong.”
(31) By a Note dated 6 July 1999 deposited with the International Civil Aviation Organization on 7 July 1999, the
Government of Portugal informed the International Civil Aviation Organization that, by Presidential Decree
No. 130 dated 15 April 1999 and published on 22 April 1999, Portugal extended application of the Tokyo
Convention to the Territory of Macao. Accordingly, the Convention took effect for the Territory of Macao on
7 July 1999.
(32) By a Note dated 27 October 1999, the Government of Portugal advised the International Civil Aviation
Organization as follows:
“In accordance with the Joint Declaration of the Government of the Portuguese Republic and the Government
of the People’s Republic of China on the Question of Macao signed on 13 April 1987, the Portuguese Republic
will continue to have international responsibility for Macao until 19 December 1999 and from that date onwards
– 7 – Tokyo Convention
14 September 1963
the People’s Republic of China will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Macao with effect from
20 December 1999.
From 20 December 1999 onwards the Portuguese Republic will cease to be responsible for the international
rights and obligations arising from the application of the Convention to Macao.”
(33) Notification issued by the Government of the People’s Republic of China dated 6 December 1999:
“The Convention . . . to which the Government of the People’s Republic of China deposited the instrument of
accession on 14 November 1978, will apply to the Macao Special Administrative Region with effect from
20 December 1999. The Government of the People’s Republic of China also wishes to make the following
declaration:
The reservation made by the Government of the People’s Republic of China to paragraph 1 of Article 24 of the
Convention shall also apply to the Macao Special Administrative Region.
The Government of the People’s Republic of China shall assume responsibility for the international rights and
obligations arising from the application of the Convention to the Macao Special Administrative Region.”
(34) By a Note dated 17 July 2001, deposited on 6 September 2001 with ICAO, the Government of the Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia declared itself bound, as a successor State to the Socialist Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia, by the provisions of, inter alia, this Convention, with effect from 27 April 1992, the date of State
succession. (The former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had signed the Convention on
14 September 1963 and ratified it on 12 February 1971).
On 4 February 2003, the name of the State of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was changed to Serbia and
Montenegro.
Following the Declaration of Independence adopted by the National Assembly of Montenegro on 3 June 2006,
the Republic of Serbia advised ICAO by a note dated 13 July 2006 that it continues to exercise its rights and
honour its commitments deriving from international treaties concluded by Serbia and Montenegro and requests
that the Republic of Serbia be considered a party to all international agreements in force, instead of Serbia and
Montenegro.
(35) The instrument of accession by Mozambique contained the following declaration in accordance with article 24,
paragraph 2 of the Convention: “The Republic of Mozambique does not consider itself bound by the provisions
of Article 24, paragraph 1 of the Convention. In this connection, the Republic of Mozambique states that, in
each individual case, the consent of all Parties to such a dispute is necessary for the submission of the dispute to
arbitration or to the International Court of Justice.”
(36) On 12 August 2005, the Government of New Zealand deposited the following declaration dated 20 July 2005:
“. . . whereas the Government of New Zealand’s accession [on 12 February 1974] implicitly extended to the
Cook Islands; and whereas the Cook Islands is a self-governing State in a relationship of free association with
New Zealand, and possesses in its own right the capacity to enter into treaties and other international agreements
with governments and regional and international organisations; and whereas the Government of the Cook
Islands acceded to the Convention in its own right on 11 July 2005; now therefore the Government of New
Zealand declares that, by reason of the accession to the Convention by the Government of the Cook Islands, it
regards the Government of the Cook Islands as having succeeded to the obligations under the Convention of the
Government of New Zealand in respect of the Cook Islands, and further declares that, accordingly, as from the
date of the accession to the Convention by the Government of the Cook Islands, the Government of New
Zealand ceased to have State responsibility for the observance of the obligations under the Convention in
respect of the territory of the Cook Islands.”
(37) Declaration: “At the time of Andorra’s accession to the Convention, Andorra does not have an airport or an
aerodrome in its territory, although it does have heliports and several helipad areas, and no aircraft are registered
in its registers.”
(38) An instrument of succession by the Government of Montenegro was deposited with the International Civil
Aviation Organization on 20 December 2007, with effect from 3 June 2006. See also note 34 in respect of
Serbia.