Accounting System of Jamuna Bank Ltd.

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Accounting System of Jamuna Bank Ltd.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 IMPORTANCE OF ACCOUNTING & FINANCIAL REPORT:

Financial information is the HEART OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT. Most of us know almost nothing about accounting from experience. However, you have to know something about accounting if you want to understand business. It is almost impossible to run a business effectively without being able to read, understand, and analyze accounting reports and financial statements. Accounting reports and financial statements are as revealing of the HEALTH OF A BUSINESS as pulse rate and blood pressure reports are in revealing the health of a person. Financial reporting in government can be seen as a summary of the government’s performance, or capacity, in raising, handling, and using public money. Another way of expressing the role of financial reporting is to say it goes hand in hand with accountability. Accountability is often considered one of the cornerstones of good democratic governments. Theoretical controversies aside, at a given point in time, financial reports are based in part on accounting rules and other types of rules or standards that often capture the day-to-day monetary transactions and events of government. The transactions are then summarized into financial reports. These reports typically make direct assessments of financial performance and many matters that impinge on financial performance. Technically, one of the major goals of financial reports is to assess financial success, conditions, and compliance of the funds and other accounting sub entities. With such information, one potential benefit of financial reports is to help people make better decisions about their community, their government, and their economy. These decisions may relate to the election of officials, votes on new projects, and even the decision to stay in or move away from a community. Further, the report may provide information so that decisions can make the jurisdiction better off. Internally, it allows management to track their financial position and make educated decisions. Externally, it allows stock holders, bond holders, other possible investors etc…Track a company’s performance and make educated investment decisions.

1.2 IMPORTANCE OF BANKING SECTOR IN THE ECONOMY OF BANGLADESH & GROWTH OF BANKING SECTOR

The Banking industry in Bangladesh is characterized by strict regulation and monitoring from the central governing body, the Bangladesh Bank. The chief concern is that currently there are far too many banks for the market to sustain. As a result, the market will only accommodate only those banks that can transpire as the most competitive and profitable ones in the future.

Currently, the major financial institutions under the banking system include:

• Bangladesh Bank
• Commercial Banks
• Islamic Banks
• Leasing Companies
• Finance Companies

Of these, there are four nationalized commercial banks (NCB), 5 specialized banks, 11 foreign banks, 26 domestic private banks and 4 Islamic Banks currently operating in Bangladesh. Generally, the commercial banks and finance companies provide a myriad of banking products to cater to the needs of their customers. All banks and financial institutions are highly governed and controlled under the Banking Companies Act-1991

The range of banking products and financial services is also limited in scope. All local banks must maintain a 4% Cash Reserve Requirement (CRR), which is non-interest bearing and a 16% Secondary Liquidity Requirement (SLR). With the liberalization of markets, competition among the banking products and financial services seems to be growing more intense each day. In addition, the banking products offered in Bangladesh are fairly homogeneous in nature due to the tight regulations imposed by the central bank. Competing through differentiation is increasingly difficult and other banks quickly duplicate any innovative banking service.

Bangladesh pursues a liberal market economy. Bangladesh Bank is the apex bank of the country responsible for promoting healthy growth and development of the banking system. Banks and insurance companies, both in the private and public sectors, are operating freely and contributing to the economy

Foreign banks like American Express Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, Grindlays Bank, Indosuez Bank, etc. function in Bangladesh through their branches.

There are other specialized financial institutions like the Bangladesh Shilpa Bank (Industrial Bank), Bangladesh Shilpa Rin Sangstha (Industrial credit organization), Krishi (Agriculture) Bank, House Building Finance Corporation (HBFC), Grameen (Rural) Bank and several cooperative banks. The Industrial Promotion and Development Corporation (IPDC) of Bangladesh and the Investment Corporation of Bangladesh (ICB) provide equity support to public limited companies in the private sector. The government has recently replaced the Controller of Capital Issues by establishing a full fledged Securities and Exchange Commission with enhanced power for the growth and development of the Securities market in Bangladesh. Liberal fiscal policy has resulted in the highest forex reserve.

During the last three years a number of steps have been taken to strengthen the country’s banking system. These include improvement of the regulatory environment. enforcement of loan classification guidelines and recapitalization of nationalized commercial banks. Over the past two years, there has been a massive infusion of taka 32,000 million in the NCBs in the shape of government bonds to make up for capital and provisioning shortfalls.

The commercial banks are now diversifying and strengthening their portfolio. They have increased term lending. Up to 2008 they have sanctioned term loans totaling Tk. 1677.95 billion. Disbursement of None- Government sector stood at Tk. 1563.97 billion 6.62 % increase over the same period in 2007. NCBs have introduced loan programmers in off-farm and agro-based activities. NCBs, BSB and BSRS have been able to rehabilitate 471 sick industrial units which have created 21,000 new jobs. The government is keen to correct and remedy failures and imperfection in the financial markets. A small credit guarantee scheme has been introduced, to assist new entrepreneurs who can receive loan of taka 2.5 million without any collateral. To enlarge the activities of Grameen Bank, which serves the poor, particularly the women in the rural areas, the government has provided guarantee against loans amounting to taka 4,650 million in 1993-94 in addition to taka 1000 million provided directly by the Bangladesh Bank. In the fiscal year 1994-95 the government has already committed to Grameen Bank to provide loan guarantee for an additional amount of Tk. 3850 million.

In 2008 the amount of total deposit of the banks of Bangladesh is Tk.2141.12 billion which is 8.68% more than the previous year. From this amount fixed deposit is Tk. 142.59 billion which is 8.84% more than the previous year, Govt. Deposit is Tk. 19.27 billion which is 15.85% more than the previous year and Current Deposit is Tk. 9.28 billion which is 3.95% more than the previous year.

1.3. Objectives of the study:

The Primary objective of this report is to fulfill the requirement of BBA program. For this reason a student is attached with an organization for three months so that he can have some practical job related experience along with the academic knowledge. The other objectives are:

1. To throw light on the legal framework of accounting and reporting practices of the commercial banks.
2. To review the general banking services of Jamuna Bank Ltd.
3. To determine the present value of transactions according to head wise such, Cash receipt, Payment, DD, Pay Order, Account Opening, Closing etc.
4. To study the accounting and reporting system of Jamuna Bank Limited.

1.4.1. Types and sources of data:

The data collected from Jamuna Bank Ltd. are classified into categories;

1. Primary data

2. secondary data

Collection of secondary dada:

1. Jamuna Bank Limited is one of the popular private sector commercial Bank in Bangladesh with years of experience. Adaption of modern technology both in terms of equipment and banking practice ensures efficient service to clients. Jamuna Bank check list

2. Secondary Sources: Secondary data were collected from the Bank’s web site, accounts manual and annual reports of the bank.

1.5 Limitation of the study:

The study suffers from a number of limitations as like;

Lack of remuneration:

1. The first obstacle is that the bank has not provided any remuneration even for doing internship.

Lack of time:

2. Another important limitation is the shortage of time. Because only a period of three months was not available to complete the project.

3. Lack of secondary data.

4. Limitation of scope.

5. Limitation of data provided.

1.7 Banking Company Act 1991 Section 38

Accounts & Balance Sheet:

• At the expiration of every financial year, every banking company incorporated either inside or outside Bangladesh shall, in respect of all business transacted by it or through its branches within that year, prepare a balance sheet and profit & loss account as well as a financial report as on the last working day of the year in the forms set out in the First Schedule or as near thereto as possible.
• The balance sheet profit and loss account and financial report of any banking company-

a) Shall be signed in the case of a banking company incorporated in Bangladesh, by its managing director or its principal officer and where there are more than three directors of the banking company, by at least three of those directors and where there are three directors, by all of them; s

b) Shall be signed in the case of a banking company incorporated outside Bangladesh, by the manager or agent of the principal office of the company in Bangladesh and by another officer next in seniority to the manager or agent.

• Notwithstanding that the forms relating to the submitting of a balance sheet, profit and loss account and financial report of a banking company differ from the [Schedule- XI] of the Companies Act, the provisions of that Act shall, in the case of submitting such balance sheet, profit and loss account and financial report, be applicable in so far as they are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act.
• The Bangladesh Bank may amend the forms set out in the First Schedule:

1.8 Amendments from Bangladesh Bank:

01. As a result of increase in capital of almost all the banks, now it has been decided to reduce the single borrower exposure limit from 50% to 35%. Thus-

(a) the total outstanding financing facilities by a bank to any single person or enterprise or organization of a group shall not at any point of time exceed 35% of the bank’s total capital subject to the condition that the maximum outstanding against fund based financing facilities (funded facilities) do not exceed 15% of the total capital. In this case total capital shall mean the capital held by banks as per section-13 of the Bank Company Act, 1991.

21. Non-funded credit facilities, e.g. letter of credit, guarantee etc. can be provided to a single large borrower. But under no circumstances, the total amount of the funded and non-funded credit facilities shall exceed 35% of a bank’s total capital.

However, in case of export sector single borrower exposure limit shall remain unchanged at 50% of the bank’s total capital. But funded facilities in case of export credit shall also not exceed 15% of the total capital.

In addition, the banks shall follow the following prudential norms, where applicable:

02. (a) Loan sanctioned to any individual or enterprise or any organization of a group amounting to 10% or more of a bank’s total capital shall be considered as large loan.

(b) The banks will be able to sanction large loans as per the following limits set against their respective classified loans: Rate of net classified loans

The highest rate fixed for large loan against bank’s total loans & advances

Up to 5% 56%

More than 5% but up to 10% 52%

More than 10% but up to 15% 48%

More than 15% but up to 20% 44%

More than 20% 40%

(c) In order to determine the above maximum rates of large loans, all non-funded credit facilities e.g. letter of credit, guarantee, etc., included in the loan shall be considered as 50% credit equivalent.

However, the entire amount of non-funded credit facilities shall be included in determining the total credit facilities provided to an individual or enterprise or an organization of a group.

03. (a) A public Limited company, which has 50% or more public shareholdings, shall not be considered as an enterprise/organization of any group.

(b) In the cases of credit facilities provided against government guarantees, the aforementioned restrictions shall not be applicable.

(c) In the cases of loans backed by cash and encashable securities (e.g.FDR), the actual lending facilities shall be determined by deducting the amount of such securities from the outstanding balance of the loans.

CHAPTER TWO

AN OVERVIEW OF JAMUNA BANK LIMITED

2. Profile of Jamuna Bank:

Jamuna Bank Limited bears a unique history of its own. Jamuna Bank Limited (JBL) is a Banking Company registered under the Companies Act, 1994 with its head Office at Chini Shilpa bhaban (2^nd floor, 3^rd, & 8^th floor), 3 Dilkusha, C/A, Dhaka-1000. The Bank started its operation from 3^rd June, 2001.

JBL came into being as a highly capitalized new generation Bank with an Authorized Capital of Tk. 1600.00 million and Paid-up capital of Tk. 390.00 million. The authorized Capital has been enhanced to Tk. 400.00 million. As of December 2007 Paid-up capital of the bank rose to Tk. 1225.71 million and number of branches increased to 41 (Forty-one): 16 in Dhaka, 2 in Gazipur, 8 in Chittagong, 3 in Sylhet, 1 in Bogra, 2 in Naogaon, 1 in Munshiganj, 1 in Narayanganj, 1 in Rajshahi, 2 in Comilla, 1 in Noakhali, 1 in Shirajgonj, 1 in Dinajpur and 1 in Kushtia (including 9 rural and 2 Islamic Banking Branches).

JBL undertakes all types of banking services to support the development of trade and commerce in the country. JBL’s services are also available for the entrepreneurs to set up new ventures and BMRE of industrial units. The bank gives special emphasis on Export, Import, Trade Finance, SME Finance, Retail Credit and Finance to Woman Entrepreneurs.

To provide clientele services in respect of International Trade it has established wide correspondent banking relationship with local and foreign banks covering major trade and financial center sat home and abroad.

2.1. Main Features of Development:

Products & Services:

(Million in Taka)

2.2 Vision of Jamuna Bank Ltd:

To become a leading Banking Institution and to play a pivotal role in the development of the country.

2.3. Mission:

The bank is committed to satisfy diverse needs of its customers through an array of products at competitive price by using appropriate technology and providing timely service so that a sustainable growth, reasonable return and contribution to the development of the country can be ensured with a motivated and professional work-force.

2.4. Personal Banking:

Personal Banking of Jamuna Bank offers wide-ranging products and services matching the requirement of every customer. Transactional accounts, savings schemes or loan facilities from Jamuna Bank Ltd. make available a unique mixture of easy and consummate service quality.

Every endeavor is made to ensure the clients’ satisfaction. Cooperative & friendly professionals working in the branches make the customers visit an enjoyable experience.

2.5. Deposits and Deposit Mix:

In commercial banks operation starts with mobilization of resources i.e. tapping of deposits and then the said resources are deployed as loans, advances and investments for the purpose of maximizing wealth which means deposits have dominance in commercial bank’s operations. That is why; there is common saying that deposit is the lifeblood of a bank. In keeping with this axiom JBL attaches utmost importance to the deposit mobilization campaign and to the optimal deposit mix for minimizing COF as far as practicable. A stiff competition persisted in the market as to deposit mobilization and there was a pressure on interest rate. Besides, instability in political atmosphere was adversely affecting business, which stood as a hindrance to the smooth operation of banks including deposit mobilization.

2.6. Deposit

2.7. Deposit Mix

Despite all these unfavorable factors JBL was able to instill confidence in customers as to its commitments to the depositors and borrowing customers and thereby could mobilize a total deposit of Tk. 20924.02 million in 2007 against that of Tk 17284.81 million in the preceding year showing an increase of Tk. 3639.21 million being 21.05%. Endeavor is underway for augmenting low cost deposit by accommodating good customers at competitive price. For healthy growth of business JBL puts emphasis on no cost and low cost deposit all the time. A number of savings schemes are in place for mobilizing long term deposits which can be planned to be invested in term loans in area like lease finance, project finance and consortium finance with a view to having better yields. JBL’s such move will motivate the people to have good saving habit, as well. The comparative position of deposit mix of the Bank as on 31.12.2007 and 31.12.2006 is depicted below:

*Figure in BDT Million*

2.8. Deposit Schemes of Jamuna Bank:

2.8.1. Marriage Deposit Scheme:

Marriage of children, especially daughter is a matter of great concern to the parents. Marriage of children involves expense of considerable amount. Prudent parents make effort for gradual building of fund as per their capacity to meet the matrimonial expense of their children specially daughters. Parents get relief and can have peace of mind if they can arrange the necessary fund for marriage of their children, no matter whether they survive or not till the marriage occasion. It can be a great help to the parents if there is any scope of deposit of a modest amount as per their financial capacity, which grows very fast at high rate of interest yielding a sizeable amount on maturity. With this end in view JBL has introduced Marriage Deposit Scheme, which offers an opportunity to build up a cherished fund by monthly deposit of small amount at affordable capacity

2.9. Savings Plan and Benefit:

Eligibility:

· Marriage Deposit account can be opened in the name of children below the age of 18-years along with legal guardian.

· For opening a marriage deposit account, maintenance of a savings account with JBL is required.

Terms & Conditions:

· Bank reserves the right to close the scheme if customers fail to deposit 3-consecutive installments.

· If the Scheme is closed within 6-months, customer will get the deposited amount only and no interest/profit will be paid for the Scheme. If it is closed after 6-months, customers will get the deposited amount alongwith the interest at the normal savings rate upto the time of closure.

· Duties and taxes are payable by the customers as per government rules.

· The above figures are indicative only and subject to change from time to time.

· Money Laundering Prevention Act shall be exercised as per rules of Bangladesh Bank.

2.12. Monthly Savings Scheme (MSS)

Savings is the best friend in bad days. Small savings can build up a prosperous future. Savings can meet up any emergencies. JBL has introduced Monthly Savings Scheme (MSS) that allows one to save on a monthly basis and get a handsome return upon maturity. If one want to build up a significant savings to carry out one’s cherished dream, JBL MSS is the right solution.

2.12.2. Savings Plan and Benefit:

Eligibility:

· MSS account can be opened at any Branch of JBL.

· For opening a MSS account, maintenance of a savings account with JBL is required.

Facility:

· The concerned customer can avail loan facility up to 80% of the deposited amount.

· He can deposit the monthly instilment at any branch of JBL and the same through on-line banking.

· Monthly installment can be automatically collected from the savings account maintained with JBL.

· Customer can choose any day of the month as installment date.

Terms & Conditions:

· Bank reserves the right to close the scheme if customers fail to deposit 3-consecutive installments.

· If the Scheme is closed within 6-months, customer will get the deposited amount only and no interest/profit will be paid for the Scheme. If it is closed after 6-months, customers will get the deposited amount along with the interest at the normal savings rate up to the time of closure.

· Duties and taxes on the deposit, if any, are payable by the customers as per government rules. The above figures are indicative only and subject to change from time to time.

CHAPTER THREE

ACCOUNTING SYSTEM OF JAMUNA BANK LIMITED

3. Jamuna Bank normally maintains its accounting system in four different departments these are given below;

1. Accounts Department
2. Customer Service Department
3. Credit Department
4. Foreign Exchange Department

1. Accounts Department:

General expenses: General expenses are daily expenses like office stationary, printing stationary, entertainment expense, traveling expense etc. A ledger for each type of expense has to be maintained.

3.1 Direct payment of general expense: When any general expense is paid directly then the journal entry is made in that fashion;

Payment of general expense (particular head) Dr

Cash/Pay order/Customer account Cr

3.2 Advance of direct payment: When any general expense is paid before its actual period which means in advance then the bank will pass this journal entry;

Advance payment of general expense (particular head) Dr

Cash/Pay order/Customer account Cr

3.3 Expire of certain period: if a certain period of advance payment expires then the bank will pass this journal entry;

Particular expense Dr

Advance payment Cr

3.4 After expiring the full period: when the period of advance payment becomes fully expired then the bank will write this journal entry;

Adjusted account/expense head Dr

Cash/Pay order/Customer account Cr

3.4 Provision of general expense: when the bank makes any provision for any particular expense (Provision is mainly made for monthly expenses) then it will pass this journal entry;

General expense/particular head Dr

Adjusting account Cr

3.5 Payment of provision/ particular period: when the bank pays the amount of provision of a particular period then it will pass this journal entry;

Adjusting account Dr

General expense/particular head Cr

3.6 After expiring of full provision period: when the bank pays the whole amount of provision which means after expiring of full provision period the bank passes this journal entry;

General expense Dr

Cash/Pay order/customer account Cr

3.7 Transfer of entry of expenditure: when the bank has to transfer the entries of expenditures or incomes to profit and loss account then it passes this journal entry;

(For expenditures)

Profit and loss account Dr

General expense/particular head Cr

(For incomes)

Individual income Head Dr

Profit and loss account Cr

Deduction of tax at source: The bank deducts tax at source as per income tax ordinance 1984.

3.8 Deduction from other than salary: when the bank deducts tax from other account excluded salary then it will pass this journal entry;

Particular expense head Dr

Sundry deposit account (tax deducted amount) Cr

Cash/Pay order/Customer account Cr

The bank has to open an account named sundry deposit and the accumulated amount of this account has to post under govt. revenue with the name BBK Cheque with all other revenues.

3.9 Deduction of tax payment: when the bank deducts the tax payment then it will pass this journal entry;

Sundry deposit Dr

P/O Bangladesh Bank Cr

3.10 Deduction from salary: the bank has to make separate column in the salary sheet named tax deduction when it deducts tax from salary and passes this journal entry;

Salary Dr

Sundry deposit Cr

Other deduction Cr

Employee account Cr

Every branch has to maintain tax deducted at source which has to be finalized in the month of June and deposited to Bangladesh Bank through head office. The bank determines TDS by using previous year assessment and passes this journal entry;

TDS Dr

JBLG/A pay order account/BBK Cr

Advance against salary: there is a separate column for advance against salary in the salary sheet and for that this journal entry has to be passed;

Suspense account advance against salary Dr

Cash Cr

3.11 Reimbursement of advance salary: the bank passes this journal entry when it reimburses advance salary;

Salary Dr

Advance Salary Cr

Individual stuff Cr

3.2.1Fixed Assets: Fixed assets can be owned by direct purchase or hire purchase.

3.2.2 Direct purchase: when the bank directly purchases an asset then it passes this journal entry;

Particular asset Dr

Cash/Pay order/Customer account Cr

3.2.3 Hire purchase: if the bank uses the option of hire purchase to own an asset then it will passes these journal entries;

(Down payment)

Advance against asset Dr

Cash/Pay order/Customer account Cr

(Amortize down payment & monthly installment)

Rent Dr

Advance against asset Cr

Cash/Pay order/Customer account Cr

(Period Expired)

Concerned fixed asset Dr

Cash/Pay order Cr

3.3.1 In the book of receiving branch: All treatments are same as transferring branch only one extra journal entry has to be passed;

Fixed asset Dr

JBL general account Cr

Treatment of Treasury Operation:

(Purchase of Treasury bill)

Treasury bill Dr

BBK Cr

Other receipt in advance (interest) Cr

(The affect of the interest for monthly profit and loss account)

Other receipt in advance Treasury bill Dr

Interest received on Treasury bill Cr

(Encashment of Treasury bill at maturity)

BBK account Dr

Advance tax (tax amount) Cr

Treasury bill Cr

Treatment of Bangladesh Bank bill: Same treatment as Treasury bill operation which has shown above.

Treatment of Call money market:

3.3.2 Borrowing from other bank: when the bank borrows from other bank than it passes these journal entries;

BBK account Dr

Money at call Cr

(Pay back/Call back of borrow money)

Money at call Dr

Interest on money at call Dr

BBK account Cr

3.3.3 Landing money to other bank: when the bank lends money to the bank then it passes these journal entries;

Money at call Dr

BBK account Cr

(Return back of lending money)

BBK account Dr

Call money (principal amount) Cr

Interest Cr

Provision for interest on borrowing/lend at call:

3.3.4 Interest payable on borrowing:

Interest paid on borrowing Dr

Interest payable on borrowing Cr

(Beginning of next month)

Interest payable on borrowing Dr

Interest paid on borrowing Cr

3.3.5 Interest receivable on lending:

Interest receivable on lending Dr

Interest received on lending Cr

(Beginning of next month)

Interest received on lending Dr

Interest receivable on lending Cr

Inter branch fund remittance through BB (TT): On requisition from the branch situated other than in Dhaka Treasury department will arrange to send cash to that branch through Bangladesh bank by T.T.

In the book of Local office/Remitting Branch the following entry will be passed:

JBL general Dr

Exp Dr

Bangladesh Bank a/c Cr

Share Capital:

Paid up capital: When capital is paid and subscribed then the entry would be passed in the account.

(Entry for capital paid by Share Holders’ in cash)

Cash Dr

Paid – up Capital Cr

Subscribed for Share Capital: Share may be subscribed for issue to the public. When shares are oversubscribed, the excess amount of subscription to be refunded to the public and in case of less subscription as per company act or board decision the less subscribed amount of shares may be undertaken by the Sponsor Director or Under- writer.

(Subscription capital received in cash)

Cash Dr

Subscription of capital Cr

(Subscription money transferred to paid in capital)

Subscription of Capital Dr

Paid-up Capital Cr

Reserve and Reserve Fund:

Statutory reserve and General reserve:

Statutory reserve is created from the net profit (before tax) as calculated at the end of the each year @ 20%. After the apportionment of net profit (after tax) the balance remain would be transferred to General Reserve a/c.

(Entry for Statutory Reserve)

Net profit Dr

Statutory Reserve Cr

(Entry for General Reserve)

Net profit Dr

General Reserve: Cr

2. Customer Service Department:

Opening of Account:

First job of Customer service is to open account of client’ as per nature of operation and clients; requirements. There is prescribed form to apply for opening of account. By fulfilling the form the operation starts.

Cash: In cash department the following books of records are maintained:

• Main Cash Book
• Tellers’ Cash Book

Main cash book shows the total cash movement and the tellers’ cash book show the detail cash movements (Receive and Payments) of Tellers’. In computerized recording system a print out of “Cash Journal” to be obtained after closing of the day’s transaction. It will show a summary of Cash Transactions and detail of cash movements by Tellers.

Cash Deposit:

Cash can be deposited to the customer’s account either by deposit slip or for P.O., DD., TT, and for any other purpose:

Cash: Dr

Customer’s Account: Cr

Cash Withdrawal by cheque:

Customer’s account: Dr

Cash: Cr

Payment of Interest on savings Deposit and Short Term Deposit (STD): As per percent rule Interest is given on Savings Deposit at 6 (Six) monthly rest @ 8.00% p.a. and on STD at 6 (six) monthly rest @ 6.00%.

(Savings Account)

Interest paid on Savings Deposit: Dr

Client’s Saving Deposit: Cr

Fixed Deposit Account:

Fixed deposit account is opened by depositing cash or by debiting customer’s account for fixed term 1/3/6 months or 1/2/3 years at a prescribed rate of interest. Fixed deposit is called FDR.

Cash/ Customer Account: Dr

Fixed Deposit: Cr

Payment at maturity: At maturity FDR amount is paid to the client with interest after deducting @10% Tax on interest.

Interest paid on Fixed Deposit (Amount of interest): Dr

Fixed Deposit (Amount of interest): Cr

Fixed deposit (Amount of tax): Dr

Income tax on interest: Cr

Fixed Deposit (Amount of excise duty): Dr

Excise duty: Cr

Fixed Deposit (FDR + Interest – Tax – Excise duty): Dr

Cash/ Customer a/c: Cr

Deposit of Tax/ Excise Duty deducted at Source:

Amount of Tax deducted from the interest of FDR and Excise Duty would be deposited to Bangladesh Bank through TR challan and report on that need to be submitted to the Tax Authority.

Income tax on Interest Dr

P.O/ BBK Cr

Excise Duty Dr

P.O/ BBK Cr

Accrued interest on FDR:

Interest paid on FDR Dr

Interest payable on FDR Cr

(At the time of payment of Interest)

Interest payable on FDR Dr

Interest paid on FDR Dr

Particular FDR Cr

(FDR is matured in the middle of any month)

Interest payable on FDR Dr (Accrued Int. of a FDR)

Interest paid on FDR Dr (Int. for the fraction period)

Particular FDR Cr (Accrued amount + rest period’s amnt.)

Internal Transfer:

On request of the customer bank may transfer the fund from one account to another account. This transfer could be made by the written request or by issuing cheque in favor of the beneficiary account. The journal entry will be like this;

Customer’s a/c Dr

Beneficiary a/c Cr

Prize Bond:

Prize Bond is purchased from Bangladesh Bank and Bank sells it to the public on cash. Entry will be like this;

Prize Bond Dr

BBK a/c Cr

(Entry on sale to the public)

Cash/Customer’s a/c Dr

Prize Bond a/c Cr

(Entry to be passed to offset the stock certificate)

Govt.’s Savings Certificate Dr

Stock of Govt.’s Savings Certificates Cr

(Entry for encashment)

Payment against PSP/BSP a/c Dr

Cash/Pay order/Customer’s a/c Cr

(When Bangladesh Bank credit the proceeds in the a/c)

BBK a/c Dr

Payment against PSP/BSP a/c Cr

(For receiving commission from BBK)

BBK a/c Dr

Commission on sale of Govt. Security Cr

Clearing House Operation: When cheques are received on account of Customers’ a/c. for collection. On the next day all cheques are placed before the clearing house of Bangladesh bank. This is called Out-ward Clearing. Same day in the clearing house the Clearing Man receive the cheques drawn by the other bank. That is called In-ward Clearing

(Receiving the clearing cheques)

Cheques in hand for collection Dr

Cheques in hand to be realized Cr

(After finalization of the clearing cheques)

Cheques in hand to be realized Dr

Cheques in hand for collection Cr

Cheques in hand to be collected Dr

Cheques in hand for clearing Cr

Exchange for Clearing Cheques Dr

Customer’s Individual a/c Cr

After 1^st clearing the following entries are passed:

(Entry for Out-Ward and In-Ward clearing Cheques in the book of collecting branch)

Bangladesh Bank a/c Dr

Exchange for Clearing a/c Dr

JBL general a/c Cr

Exchange for Clearing Cheques Cr

After 2^nd clearing the following entries are passed:

Clients’ a/c Dr

JBL general a/c Dr

Exchange for clearing cheques Cr

(Dishonored Out-ward clearing cheque)

JBL general a/c Dr

Clients’ a/c Dr

Bangladesh Bank a/c Cr

(Dishonored In-ward clearing cheque)

Bangladesh Bank a/c Dr

Exchange for clearing Cr

(In the book of branch)

JBL general a/c Dr

Exchange for Clearing Cheques Cr

(Entry for In-Ward cheques of branch)

Clients’ a/c Dr

JBL general a/c Cr

(Entry for dishonored cheques in the book of branch)

Clients’ a/c Dr

JBL general a/c Cr

Collection of Local Bill/Cheque:

Two items are used for collection of local bills. They are given as follows;

OBC (Outward Bills for Collection): When one branch sends the cheques to another branch for collection of the proceeds that is called OBC. Contra entry to be passed on sending the cheques for collection:

Customer’s Liability OBC a/c Dr

Banker’s Liability OBC a/c Cr

(Entry on getting payment from collecting branch)

Banker’s liability OBC a/c Dr

Customer’s Liability OBC a/c Cr

(Entry for payment after collection)

JBL General a/c or BBK a/c Dr

Customer’s a/c Cr

Postage a/c Cr

Commission a/c Cr

IBC (Inward Bills for Collection): The OBC of presenting bank which are received in the hand of collecting branch for collection are known as IBC. A contra entry is passed for recording the IBC from the presenting bank:

Customer’s Liability Inward Bills for collection Dr

Banker’s Liability Inward Bills for Collection Cr

(Reversal of contra entry)

Banker’s Liability Inward Bills for Collection Dr

Customer’s Liability Inward Bills for collection Cr

(Entry of payment)

Customer’s a/c Dr

JBL general a/c Cr

Commission a/c Cr

Postage chg a/c Cr

Local Remittance:

Sale of Pay Order (P.O) & Demand Draft (D.D):

Cash account/ Customer’s account Dr

Pay Order Cr

Commission Cr

Payment of Pay Order:

(Payment through BBK. Clearing)

Pay Order Dr

Bangladesh Bank a/c Cr

Encashment/Cancellation of P.O.:

Pay Order Dr

Cash/ Customer’s a/c Cr

Commission a/c Cr

Payment of P.O. through branch:

(In the book of payee branch)

JBL General a/c Dr

Customer’s a/c Cr

(In the issuing branch)

Pay Order Dr

JBL general a/c Cr

Demand Draft: Demand Draft is issued by one branch and paid by another branch on which it is drawn on.

Cash/ Customer a/c Dr

JBL general a/c Cr

Commission Cr

Postage Cr

(Entry on drawing branch)

JBL general a/c Dr

DD payable Cr

Payment of Demand Draft:

(When DD is presented through BBK Clearing House)

D.D. Payable Dr

Cash/Customer’s a/c Cr

(When DD is presented before IBCA receipt)

Paid without Advice Dr

Bangladesh Bank Clearing House Cr

Telegraphic/Telex Transfer (T.T): TT is telegraphic order by a branch to pay certain to a particular account on another branch

(Entry in the book of issuing branch)

Cash/ Customer’s a/c Dr

JBL general a/c Cr

Commission Cr

Telex Charges Cr

Payment of TT:

JBL general a/c Dr

Customer’s a/c / P.O Cr

Commission Cr

Mail Transfer (M.T.): Mail transfer means transfer of fund through mail from one branch to another branch.

(Issuing mail transfer)

Cash/ Customer’s a/c Dr

JBL general a/c Cr

Commission Cr

M.T Chg Cr

(Payment of M.T.)

JBL general a/c Dr

Cash/ Customer’s a/c Cr

2. Credit Department:

Credit department deals with the lending of the bank. There are the following broad head of loan and advances in a bank.

1) Loan

2) Overdraft

3) Cash Credit

Loan: Loan can be sanctioned to a customer in a lump sum amount. Repayment of loan may be fixed in installment or in a lump sum amount within the expiry period with interest. There will be Auxiliary ledgers of each head of Loan and Customer wise Subsidiary ledger for each category of loan. There will be three types of loan short term, middle term and long term.

(For sanctioning loan)

Loan a/c of concerned customer Dr

Customer’s current a/c / savings a/c Cr

(For realization of charges)

Cash/ Customer’s current/ savings a/c Dr

Misc. Earnings Cr

Payment of loan:

Cash/ Customer’s current/ savings a/c Dr

Customer’s loan Cr

Interest on loan Cr

Overdraft (OD): Overdraft is sanctioned to the customer in their OD account with a drawing limit up to certain amount. Journal entry will be like this;

Overdraft Dr

Interest