Jute, a natural fibre, has been in use for various purposes over the centuries throughout the world.

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“Jute, a natural fibre, has been in use for various purposes over the centuries throughout the world”.

Jute Industries of Bangladesh:

1. Jute – The Golden Fibre:

Jute, a natural fibre, has been in use for various purposes over the centuries throughout the world. It is the bark of a slender tropical plant belonging to Tiliaceae family with two species Corchorus capsularis and Corchorus olitorius. Breakthrough in textile technology during the industrial revolution helped jute emerges as an amazing fabric from its traditional image of a raw material for cordage and rope. Since then the innumerable additions, modifications and innovations in manufacturing process turned jute into an indispensable material for an unconventional uses. The process of developing diversified use of jute still goes on unabated despite the challenge and threat from its synthetic substitutes.

Jute (Corchorus capsularis & Corchorus olitorius), Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) and Roselle (H. Sabdariffa var Altissima) are vegetable best fibre plants next to cotton in importance. In the trade there are usually two names of jute, White and Tossa. Corchorus capsularis is called White Jute and Corchorus olitorius is called Tossa Jute. In India & Bangladesh Roselle is usually called Mesta. Jute fibres are finer and stronger than Mesta and are, therefore, better in quality.

Depending on demand, price and climate, the annual production of jute and allied fibres in the world remains around 3 million tonnes.

The fibre finds its use in the producing as well as in consuming countries in the agricultural, industrial, commercial and domestic fields. Sacking and Hessians (Burlap) constitute the bulk of the manufactured products. Sacking is commonly used as packaging material for various agricultural commodities viz., rice, wheat, vegetables, corn, coffee beans etc. Sacking and Hessian Cloth are also used as packing materials in the cement and fertilizer manufacturing industries (New J.H. 1993). Fine Hessian is used as carpet backing and often made into big bags for packaging other fibres viz. Cotton and wool.

1.1 Origin:

After a lot of debate, there seems to be an agreement that White Jute originated in the Indo-Burma region and Tossa Jute in Africa. Kenaf originated in Angola, Africa and Roselle originated in Sudan, Africa (Singh, D.P. 1983). China is also considered as one of the places of origin of Jute. According to some scholars, some provinces of the southern parts of China are the secondary centres of origin of’ Tossa and White Jute. (Peikun Huang 1992).

1.2 Major Producers:

Bangladesh, India, China, Myanmar, Nepal and Thailand are at present the major producers of Jute, Kenaf and Roselle fibres. India, Bangladesh and China are the large producers.

1.3 Climate:

Jute cultivation requires specific climate and land. It requires early rains in March, May and June and intermittent rain and sunlight thereafter till August, temperature between 28°C and 35°C and humidity between 70% and 90%. This type of climate is available in areas between 30° Latitude North and South of the earth. Kenaf and Roselle grow almost throughout the world both in tropical and temperate areas.

1.4 Soil:

Soil conducive to producing Jute are of three types:

  • Loamy soil
  • Clayey soil
  • Sandy soil

Loamy soil usually produces the best fibre. The clayey soil yields a short crop. The sandy soil produces coarse fibre.

Jute in Textiles
Textile Fibres
Natural FibresManmade Fibres
Vegetable

(Cellulose)

Animal

hair

(Protein)

MineralNatural Polymer

(Regenerated)

Synthetic

Polymer

Other Manmade

(Synthetic)

Stem

Bast

LeafSeedFruitRayonCellulose

Ester

AlginateNatural Rubber
Jute,

Kenaf

Ramie,

Sisal,

Manila,

Phormium

Cotton,

Kapok

CoirViscose,

Cupro,

Modal,

Tri-acetate

Acetate

Flax,

Hemp,

TenaxDeacetylated

1.5 Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation:

Climate bestowed Bangladesh with the opportunity to become the natural home of the best quality Jute and for this Bangladesh is the world’s largest grower of quality Jute. This gives Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation an advantage over other Jute goods manufacturer to produce and cater the needs of quality jute goods world over. Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation, well known as BJMC is the world’s biggest state owned manufacturing and exporting organization of all kinds of Jute goods. Research, innovative experimentation towards product development and modernization approaches are the other contributing elements to its unmatched success it has established over the years.

1.6 End Uses of Jute Goods:

Jute Goods can ideally be used as:

  • Bags and sacks for packing almost all kinds of agricultural products, minerals, cement etc.
  • Packs for packing wool and cotton;
  • Wrapping materials / fabrics;
  • Carrier and backing fabric for carpet and linoleum;
  • Cordage and twines;
  • Webbing to cover inner springs in auto-seats and upholster furniture;
  • Cargo separator in ship;
  • Cloth for mine ventilation and partition;
  • Filling material in cable;
  • Roofing and floor covering apparel;
  • Footwear lining;
  • Wall covering and furnishing fabric;
  • Fashion accessories;
  • Soil erosion control fabric and many more.
1.7 Advantage of Use of Jute Goods:

Jute, having been the most environment-friendly natural fibre because of its inherent unique properties, has counts of advantages over other man-made artificial polymer fibre products:

  • Under stress jute extends only 0.5% to its stable form and so gives wonderful dimensional stability.
  • The hairy surface of jute fabric gives it a capacity to grip any surface it comes in contact with. They can, for this reason, be stacked high and wide without any risk of slippage.
  • The ignition temperature of jute is 193c. It thus remains very stable up to near ignition point. Even at boiling temperature, its intact physical properties guard it from undergoing possible distortion.
  • Jute being hygroscopic and auriferous permits normal breathing and humidity to the contents and so ensures their storage without deterioration.
  • Hooks may be used freely and easily on jute products during handling as its innate properties cover up the pierced holes immediately after. It thus prevents seepage loss of contents during transportation and allows itself to be re-used over and over again
  • Jute being natural is biodegradable. It does not plug the natural pore of the earth soil and surface.
  • When burned, it emits the same fume as a burning wood as we know, is nothing dangerous.
  • It has no adverse effect on human body and the Mother Nature as a whole.

1.8 Jute Growing Area In Bangladesh:

Legend
Northern Jute (White and Tossa)
Soft District Jute (White and Tossa)
Jat Jute (White and Tossa)
District Jute (White and Tossa)
Hard District Jute (White and Tossa)

2. Products Over View:

2.1 Food Grade Jute Bags:

(i) Product Range

(a) Sacking Cloth:

Width:22″-30″; Weight: 11-24 ozs. Weaving: Plain and Twill; Colour: Natural; Packing: 500-1000 yds./bale

(b) Sacking Bag:

Sizes: As per requirement; Weight: Standard or light; Sewing: Overhead Dry Sewn, Overhead Tar sewn, Safety sewn (optional); Colour: Natural, Bleached; Branding: Up to 3 colour; Packing: 200-500 bags 1 bale (Flat or folded).

2.2 Some Standard Sacking Bags:

(i) Product Range:

(a) Twill Bags:

A. Twill bag (44″x26.5″ – 2.62 lbs.), B.Twill Bag (44″x26.5″ – 2.25 lbs.), L.Twill Bag (44″x26.5″ – 2.50 Ibs), Binola Bag (44″x26.5″ – 2.00 lbs.), Corn Sack (41″x31″ – 1.75 to 2.15 lbs.), Cement Bag (29″x20″ – 1.25 lbs.), Coffee Bag (40″x26″ – 2.00 lbs.), Grain Sack 60″x30″ – 3.25 lbs.), Sugar Bag (48″x28″ – 2.50 lbs.).

(b) Double Warp Bags:

Heavycees (40″x28″ – 2.25 lbs.), Lightcees (40″x20″ – 2.00 lbs.), D.W. Flour Bag 58″x28″ – 2.25 lbs.), D.W Salt Bag (45″x26.5″ – 1.75 lbs.), D.W Nitrate Bag (35″x26″ – 1.25 lbs.).

(c) Hessian Cloth:

Width: 22″ to 80″, Weight:5 to 14 ozs./sq.yd., Colour: Natural, Semi-bright, Full-bright, Bleached and Dyed; Packing: 700 – 2000 yds / bale or in roll.

(d) Hessian Bag:

Sizes: Available as per buyer’s requirement; Sewing: Herackle and Overhead (safety sewing optional); Colour: Natural, Semi-bright, Full-bright, Bleached, Dyed; Branding: up to 3 colour; Packing: 500-1000 bags flat or folded per bale.

2.3 Some Standard Bags:

Australian Bran Bag, Fertilizer Bag, Japanese Rice Bag, Onion Pocket, Potato Bag, Shopping Bag etc. Carpet (Secondary) Backing Cloth (CBC) Width: 47″ – 203″; Weight: 5.5 – 9.0 ozs./sq.yd.; Packing: 500 – 1000 yds.1 roll. Jute Yarn and Twine Quality: CB, Hessian and Sacking; Ply: 1- 3; Count:8 – 20 lbs.; packing: Precision / Mack roll in hank.

2.4 Wall Covering Cloth:

Width: 40″ – 145″; Weight: 8 – 10.5 ozs.; Packing: 300 – 1000 yds./ roll. Wool Pack

Qualities: Standard Wool Pack, Australian New Improved Wool Pack, New Zealand Wool Pack, Mini-Wool Pack, Coffin Type Wool Pack; Packing:25 – 50 packs / bale

Tarpaulin and Canvas Cloth:
Width:36″ – 45″; Weight: 14 – 20 ozs.; Porter & Shots: Tarpaulin 10×10, Canvas 14×14, packing: 1000 yds. / bale.

2.5 Jute Soil Erosion Control Fabric:

Width: 1.22 m; Weight: 610 gms. / m; Warp: 6.5 ends / 10 cm.; Weft: 4.5 ends / 10 cm.; Packing: 600 – 900 m / bale.

2.6 Jute felt:

Types: Single sided (SS) & Double Sided (DS) needle punched felt; Width: 54″; Thickness: 1/4″ & 3/8′ packing: 25 yds. / roll.

2.7 Rot Proof Fabric and Bag:

Normal Jute Fabric and Bag treated with anti-rot chemicals to impart extra longevity for use in adverse conditions.

2.8 Scrim Cloth:

Width: 27″ – 80″; weight: 5 – 20 ozs./ sq. Yd.; Packing: 1000 – 2000 yds. / roll. Jute Mat:

Width: 3 feet, Length: 150 feet; Quality; Plain & Design; Weight: 2.25 – 2.50 lbs. / yd.; Packing: 150 feet / roll; Use: Both side.

2.9 Jute Diversified Products:

Various types of jute and jute blended products for household and furnishing uses.

  
 
 
Price List
Ref No. BJMC/PC-PL/0707131/45Date 01/07/2007

HESSIAN:
Prices of all Hessian cloth and bags are to be calculated using following basis price:
QualityPXSPackingShipmentPrice
40/10oz/40 Normal11X122000 Yds.Jul07 – Oct’0724.50
40/10oz/40 Food Grade11X122000 Yds.Jul07 – Oct’0725.50
Sacking:
Prices of all Sacking bags and cloth are to be calculated using following basis price:
QualityPXSPackingShipmentPrice
Std. B. Twills Normal6X8300 BagsJul07 – Oct’0762.00
Std. B. Twills Food Grade6X8300 BagsJul07 – Oct’0764.00
CBC:
A. Prices of following quality of CBC is as under:
QualityPXS ShipmentPrice
163.5/5.5oz/369X8Jul07 – Oct’0758.00
 B.Prices of all other CBC are to be calculated using following basis price:
QualityPXS ShipmentPrice
150/5.5oz/369X8Jul07 – Oct’0754.00
Jute Soil Saver:
Price of following quality of Jute Soil Saver is as under:
QualityPXS ShipmentPrice
48″- 1.22lbs/Yd.6.5X4.5/10cmJul07 – Oct’0721.00
 

Notes :

  • Prices given above are in US Dollars per 100 Yds/Bags FOB Bangladesh Ports.
  • Differential Chart issued by BJMC on the 3rd Oct’96 along with its subsequent amendments will be applicable for price differentials.
  • Domestic price may be obtained from BJMC Local Sales Desk.
  • Prices will remain unchanged until further orders.

3. Jute Industries at a Galance:

(i) Dhaka Zone:

(ii) Khulna Zone:

(iii) Chittagong Zone:

(iv) Non Jute Mills but work for Jute based products:

The production and export figures of BJMC products during the last 5 years are as follows:
YearProduction (in .000 MT)Export( in .000 million Taka )Export Earning (in million Taka)
1997-982551604620
1998-992362205614
1999-002352025411
2000-012462235996
2000-012462235996
2001-0224921764741
Running Jute Mills:
Sl. NoName of MillsAddressTelephone No.
1.Latif Bawany Jute Mills Ltd.Demra, DhakaPABX- 7400009
2.Karim Jute Mills Ltd.Demra,DhakaPABX – 7400011 – 7400020
3.Bangladesh Jute Mills Ltd.Ghorasal, NarshingdiPABX – 06254/287
4.United-Meghna-Chandpur Jute Mills Ltd.Narshingdi.PABX- 0621/62651, 62590
5.Nishat Jute Mills Ltd.Tongi, Gazipur.PABX- 9800101-3
6.Karnafuli Jute Mills Ltd.Rangunia Chittagong.PABX- 637078, 637622/9-12
7.Furat-Karnafuli Carpet Factory.Rangunia, Chittagong610735
8.Gul Ahmed Jute Mills Ltd.Sitakunda,Chittagong724826,611175
9.M.M. Jute Mills Ltd.Sitakunda, Chittagong.Ex-630381/227 , 630389/227
10.Amin Jute Mills Ltd.Sholoshahar, ChittagongPABX- 682057
11.Amin Old Field Mills Ltd.Rsholoshahar, Chittagong.PABX- 682057
12.Hafiz Jute Mills Ltd.Bashbaria, Chittagong.611143
13.R.R. Jute Mills Ltd.Bashbaria, Chittagong.03028
14.Bagdad-Dhaka Carpet FactoryNorth Kattali,Chittagong.751918
15.Development of Decorative FabricsRangunia,Chittagong.611099
16.Crescent Jute Mills Ltd.Town Khalishpur, KhulnaPABX- 041/760284,760285,760904
17.Platinum Jubilee Jute Mills LtdTown Khalishpur, KhulnaPABX- 041/760291-5
18.People’s Jute Mills Ltd.,Town Khalishpur, Khulna.PABX- 760082-3-7615069
19.Daulatpur Jute Mills Ltd.Town Khalishpur ,Khulna.PABX- 760282
20.Star Jute Mills Ltd.Chandani Mohal,Khulna.762719,762727
21.Eastern Jute Mills Ltd.Atra,Khulna.PABX- 78529,785564
22.Aleem Jute Mills Ltd.Atra,Khulna.PABX- 785206-8
23.Jessore Jute Industries Ltd.Rajghat,Jessore.04222-254
24.Carpeting Jute Mills Ltd.Noapara, Jessore.04222-231
25.Rajshahi Jute Mills Ltd.Shyampur, Rajshahi0721-750806
26.Quami Jute Mills Ltd.Raipur, ShirajgonjPABX- 72247

Dir. 72180,72097,72053

Non-Jute Mills (Running):
Sl. NoName of MillsAddressTelephone No.
1.Galfra Habib Ltd.Barabkunda,ChittagongPABX- 03028-215/340
2.Mills Furnishing Ltd.Bayjeed Bostami Road, Chittagong682602
3.Juto Fibre Glass IndustryNarayangonj06725-88083,8011288
Mills For Privatization.
Sl. NoName of MillsAddressTelephone No.
1.Hafiz Textile Mills Ltd.Ghoramara,Chittagong.
2.Nabarun Jute Mills Ltd.Kanchan, Narayanganj9330954
3.Bawa Jute Mills Ltd.Madangonj, Narayanganj.
4.Mymenshigh Jute Mills LtdShambugonj, Mymensingh.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bangladesh Producing & Consumption:

ANNEX-1
Raw Jute: Raw Jute Production, Domestic Consumption and Export
1999-2000(Actual)2000-2001(Actual)2001-2002(Actual)2002-2003 Estimated2001-2002 July-March2002-2003 July-MarchDecrease (-) or increase (+) Comparing to the last year
1. Volume of production (bales in lakh)40.8442.9351.3743.16000
2. Volume of export (bales in lakh)16.5115.5514.1117.009.9816.32(+) 64%
3. Domestic Consumption (bales in lakh)31.4732.7532.9529.0020.8420.43(-) 2%
4. Export Income (Taka in crore)364.64350.97375.35374.00263.56333.29(+) 27%
(in US Dollar)72.7565.4366.0665.0446.5157.44(+) 24%
ANNEX-2
Jute Goods: Production, Domestic Consumption and Export
 1999-2000(Actual)2000-2001(Actual)2001-2002(Actual)2002-2003 Estimated2001-2002 July-March2002-2003 July-MarchDecrease (-) or increase (+) Comparing to the last year
1. Volume of production (lakh M ton)4.984.835.366.053.933.85(-) 2%
2. Volume of export (lakh M ton)4.144.264.214.873.252.79(-) 14%
4. Export Income (crore in Tk)1134.131204.011260.121470.06980.96883.56(-) 10%
(USD)229.11224.50226.64250.38169.13152.34(-) 10%
3. Domestic Consumption (lakh M ton)0.920.870.810.990.610.65(+) 7%
ANNEX-3
Actual production of consumption of Jute for last three years:
 1999-2000(Actual)2000-2001(Actual)2001-2002(Actual)2002-2003 Estimated
1. Area of jute cultivation (Acre in lakh)10.2510.7512.8410.52
2. Production40.8442.9351.3743.16
3. Stock at the beginning of the year17.6810.314.608.45
4. Total availability58.5253.2455.9751.61
5. Domestic consumption    
(a) Jute mill: BJMC13.5813.9914.2011.00
BJMA6.165.434.514.50
BJSA8.7310.3311.2410.00
Total Jute mills28.4729.7529.9526.00
(b) Paper mill0.000.000.000.00
(c) Domestic use and handicrafts3.003.003.003.00
(d) Total Domestic use

(a) + (b) +(c)

31.4732.7532.9529.00
6. Loss0.230.370.460.00
7. Volume of export16.5115.5514.1117.00
8. Export income (crore in taka)364.64350.97375.35374.00
9. Stock at the end of the year10.314.608.455.61
FIGURE-1
Production, Usages, Export and Volume of Stock of Raw Jute for the last four years
ANNEX-4
Domestic market/price of raw Jute:
Month2001-2002 (July-March)2002-2003 (July-March)Decrease (-) or increase (+) Comparing to the last year
 Average PriceCumulative Average PriceAverage PriceCumulative Average PriceAverage PriceCumulative Average Price
July487.00487.00323.00323.00(-) 34%(-) 34%
August399.00411.00301.00306.00(-) 25%(-) 26%
September366.00393.00299.00302.00(-) 18%(-) 23%
October399.00395.00302.00302.00(-) 24%(-) 23%
November425.00401.00311.00304.00(-) 27%(-) 24%
December443.00405.00307.00304.00(-) 31%(-) 25%
January462.00409.00308.00305.00(-) 33%(-) 25%
February470.00412.00312.00305.00(-) 34%(-) 26%
March461.00413.00312.00305.00(-) 32%(-) 26%
ANNEX-5
Jute Goods: Production, Domestic Consumption and Export
 1999-2000(Actual)2000-2001(Actual)2001-2002(Actual)2002-2003 Estimated2001-2002 July-March2002-2003 July-MarchDecrease (-) or increase (+) Comparing to the last year
1. Volume of export (bales in lakh)16.5115.5514.1117.009.9816.32(+) 64%
2. Income (crore in taka)364.64350.97375.35374.00263.56333.29(+) 27%
(USD)72.7565.4366.0665.0046.5157.44(+) 24%
3. Average price (Taka in each bales)2208.002258.002660.172200.002641.002023.35(-) 23%
(USD in each bales)44.0742.0946.8238.0064.6035.19(-) 24%