Significant for Advancement of Women in Different Professions in Bangladesh

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Significant for Advancement of Women in Different Professions in Bangladesh.

Legal Implication

Chapter-1

1.1 Preface:

The Man and the woman are the best creature of omnipotent Almighty Allah. They are the co-sharer of one another and in every society they are equally vital to their duties and responsibility and the man can not take one step forward spontaneously without woman. So, the woman is the most important part of the man. To develop the society and to improve the day to day life of both the men and the women it is the holly duty of both genders to work in the society simultaneously. The man can not achieve sustainable progress for long period keeping the women behind in any society. So for sustainable development in any society of profession both male and female are to progress simultaneously and one can not be the alternative of another. In Bangladesh 50% of the total population are female and 50% of the population are male. Therefore, without advancement of the female population it is not possible to establish a sustainable development of the different societies and professions of Bangladesh. A large part of the population of Bangladesh is Women. So, the development of Nation is the precondition of development of women. To achieve the goal, in all field it is essential to provide equal facility and equal rights to the women. In the election manifesto, the Present Government promised to introduce the women development policy in Bangladesh in different aspect. In the year 1997 the leaders of the women society, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina, started the Women development policy in full swim. Thereafter, in the year 2004 the four allied groups of Bangladesh Nationalist Party and Jamat-E-Islami made changed in the existing Women development policy and they again reintroduced the Women development Policy-2004 and in the year 2008, the Care taker government reopened the Women development Policy-2008 with amendment version but it did not come to light. In this Male ruling society the women have been oppressed and neglected decade to decade in the name of the religion, social superstitions, insulation. The oppression and torture have been done on the women and kept the women as captive and in dark position and they were not aware of their rights and privileges. The merit and labor of women expended in the family work were not evaluated appropriately. In the year 1971 by the leadership of the father of nation Bangobandu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, our Bangladesh became independent from Pakistan through the bloody liberation war for long 9 months and there were participation of women freedom fighters with the men freedom fighters in the liberation war fields in all the 11 sectors of Bangladesh. Bir Bikrom Captain Sitara Begum and Birbikrom Taramon Bibi are the example of women freedom fighters who directly participated in the liberation war of 1971. After the liberation war the women society became very alert in the field of education and employment. It is very much essential elements and factors to participate the women in the national development activities and programs in Bangladesh.

1.2 Objectives of the Thesis

Objectives of the thesis are given below:

a. This thesis has been completed to fulfill the demand of the program of LLM class of the World University of Bangladesh.

b. To empower the women in political, economical, social, administrative and legal fields.

c. To confirm the security of women in social, public and family life .

d. How to make the skilled women as human wealth.

e. To find out the way, how the women can improve in different professions.

f. To remove the difference between the man and the woman rights and to establish the human rights of the woman in Bangladesh

1.3 Method of Thesis

For successfully completion of the thesis, have used the secondary resources/methods of different books, manuals, Journals, The National Dailies, Public Opinion, Opinion of the workers of different industries, Teachers, Housewife, Students, Engineers, Politicians, Advocates, Soldiers, Ricksha pullers, Bankers, Political parties, Nari Niti- 2011, Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh and have taken help of the Primary Sources by the interview of from the field level.

Chapter -2

2.1 Historical Background:

The historical backgrounds of the chronological development from the period of British up to Bangladesh have been discussed below:

2.2 During the Period British:

During the period of British in 1757-1947 there was no scope for the women to participate in the development activities in different societies and professions of the country as there was a very little percentage of literate women in the society and due to the carelessness of the Government and the British ruler did not take steps to improve the lady society and becoming them educated and they kept the lady society in dark, so that they could not come in the light and became alert for their rights. During the period of British there occurred many revolutions against the British Ruler like the mutiny of Sepoy in the year 1857. Once upon a time the women came to understand that there was no alternative to become literate for ousted the British rulers from our country. The British ruler did not establish any school, college and University for the women. After long struggle, on 1st July 1921 British Government was bound to establish the University of Dhaka.

2.3 During the Period Pakistan:

In the year 1947 Pakistan acquired independence from the British, Pakistan Government also did not take any effective steps to advance the lady society and professions of the country and the Pakistani Ruler also follow the same policy of the British Ruler and specially in Bangladesh the then East Pakistan they established schools, colleges in a limited volume and a very little improve scopes were created for the women , as a result there was not improvement for the lady society and professions and they were deprive from their rights and facilities which they were entitled. The women have been neglected from century together. The women have been kept in silence and behind the screen for religious superstition, social superstition in this men ruling society. The generousness and labor of women which were for the maintenance of family were not evaluated. The messenger of the Women Development Begum Rokeya said, “Leave your daughters after giving education and let them manage their food for themselves”. Many women took part in Anti British Movement in 1857 , Language Movement in 1952, Public Movement in 1969 and Liberation Movement in the year 1971 where we find significant of women a little more. In liberation war, the women freedom fighters also took participation with the men freedom fighters in the War Field. Bir Bikrom Captain Sitara Begum and Bir Bikrom Taramon Bibi are the pride of the women freedom fighters in the society and professions. Not only that, the women encouraged their husbands and children for participation in the liberation war which was an indirect participation of the liberation war.

2.4 During the Period of Bangladesh:

After the liberation war in 1971 Bangladesh became independent from the iron ruler of Pakistan and the Bangladesh Government took effective steps to improve the lady society in Bangladesh. For this purpose during making the Constitution of Bangladesh some special Articles had been included in the Constitution of Bangladesh for the women. So that there is created Constitutional obligation to the authority of Bangladesh and they are bound to take effective action for the improvement of the women in different societies and professions in Bangladesh. In deed it is a very much significant for the women in different societies and professions.

2.5 Women Development Plan

The government of Bangladesh allotted a good amount of money to develop the women in different societies and professions in different 5th year plans and the women from different societies and professions have taken participation from the top level to bottom level for leading the societies and professions and the country simultaneously with merit ,honesty, sincerity , hard labor. It is their challenge that they can also successfully complete the task and jobs for the sake of the country . In the first 5 years plan in the year 1973-1978, the 4th 5 years plan 1990-1995 and 5th 5 years plan a large number of activities of the women have been taken widely in agriculture, rural development, industry, health , family planning , education, mineral, communication , labor , employment and information and technology.

2.6 World Wide Participation

In the year 1975 the 1st World women conference took place in Maxico , Bangladesh took participation in this Conference and earned good name and fame for the country. As a result, Bangladesh added her name with the women development movement in the foreign countries also. The present women societies and professions are the result of that women development work program of the past. The United Nations Organization declared the year 1975 as the “Women year ” and the World Women conference declared the 10 years from 1976 to 1985 as the “Decade of Women “.

2.7 Significant of Women

The advancement of women in different professions in Bangladesh are very essential to improve our daily life and sustainable development of our different societies and country. 6 crores people live in the present world and out of them 3 crores are women and in Bangladesh there are about 8 crores population are women out of 16 crores populations. We must take steps to make this 8 crores women as asset instead of burden. It is not possible to advance the country without advancement of the women in different professions and different societies in Bangladesh.

Chapter-3

3.1 Constitutional Obligations:

In the year 1972 The Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh was written by the experts of the Country who were very much experienced in their professional back ground and in this Constitution the fundamental rights and human rights had been confirmed. It is the duty bound to improve the women with man in all activities in the public life and other political, social and professional life.

3.2 Fundamental Rights of Women:

In the Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh the Fundamental Rights have been reserved for the people of Bangladesh.

3.3 Article 26 of the Constitution

(1) All existing law inconsistent with the provisions of this part shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, become void on the commencement of this Constitution

(2) The State shall not make any law inconsistent with ant provisions of this part, and any law so made shall, to the extent tf such inconsistency , be void.

(3) Nothing in this article shall apply to any amendment of this Constitution made under article 142.

3.4 Article 27 of the Constitution:

In Article 27 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh , all citizens are equal before law and are entitled to equal protection of law.

3.5 Article 28 of the Constitution:

(1): The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.

(2): The Women shall have equal rights with men in all spheres of the state and of public life.

(3) No citizen shall on grounds only of religion, race, castle, sex or place of birth be subjected to any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regular to access to any place of pubic entertainment or resort or admission of any educational institution.

(4): Nothing in this Article shall have prevent the state from making special provision in favor of women or children or for advancement of any backward section of citizens.

3.6 Article 29 of the Constitution:

There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in respect of employment or office in the service of the Republic.

(1) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office in the service of the Republic

(2) Nothing in this article shall prevent the state from-

(a) making special provision in favour of any backward section of citizens for the purpose of securing their adequate representation in the service of the Republic.

(b) giving effect to any law which makes provision for serving appointments relating to any religious or denominational institution to persons of that religion or denomination

(c) Reserving for members of one sex any class or employment or office on the ground that it is considered by its nature to be unsuited to members of the opposite six

3.7 Article 65 of the Constitution:

50 Seats have been reserved for the women in the National Assembly of Bangladesh and the representation of women have been confirmed in the Local Government Institutions.

3.8 Article 102 of the Constitution:

(1) The High Court Division on the application of any person aggrieved may give such direction or order to any persons or authority including any person performing any function in connection with the affairs of the Republic as may be appropriate for the enforcement of any of the fundamental rights conferred by part III of the Constitution of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh

(2) The High Court Division may, if satisfied that no other equality efficacious remedy is provided by law

(a) On the application of any person aggrieved, make an order-

(i) directing a person performing ant functions in connection with the affairs of the Republic or of a local authority to refrain from doing that which he is not permitted by law to do or to do that which he is required by law to do , or

(ii) declaring that any act done or proceeding taken by a person performing functions in connection with the affairs of the Republic or of a local authority has been done or taken without lawful authority and is of no legal effect; or

(iii) On the application of any person, make an order-

(iv) Directing that a person in custody be brought before it so that it may satisfy itself that he is not being held in custody without lawful authority or in and unlawful manner:

Chapter -4

4.1 The Women and Law:

Different Laws have been passed for the betterment of Women which are highlighted below:

4.2 New Laws and Amendment of Laws:

The present law for the protection and security of women have been amended and the new law have been introduced to prevent from assaulting the women and female children. Out of these law the Dowry prohibition Act,1980, Nari-O-Shisu Nirjaton Domon Ain,2000( Amendment 2003) and to establish the law aid in the different organizations, the rehabilitation centre of the oppressed women and the fee of the lawyers to be paid by the government.

4.3 Mobile Court Law, 2009:

The Government has added Section 509 of the Penal Code empowering to the Administrative Magistrate for taking action to prevent from Eve teasing of the women.

4.4 Steps for Improvement of Women:

The Government and Non Government Organizations have taken many steps for the improvement of women of Bangladesh in different societies and professions.

4.5 Steps of the Government:

The Government of Bangladesh and many non-Government Organizations of Bangladesh have taken many effective steps to advance the female society of Bangladesh. The woman of Bangladesh in different societies like Justice of the Appellate Division, Justices of the Hon’ble High Court Division of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of Bangladesh, Judicial Service and Bangladesh Army, Bangladesh Navy, Bangladesh Air Force, Bangladesh Police ,Para Military, and other challengeable jobs have taken chances to give proper service which is a sign and symptom of progress of the different societies.

4.6 Policy Making Post for Women:

It is positive sign to participate in the government in the Policy making level. In the cabinet 6 ministers, 19 directly elected parliament members out of 345 parliament members and 45 reserve parliament members are working in the present parliament. In the year 1998 the Prime Minister introduced 3 elected members from the women in the local government. The Government of Awamilegue opened the doors of the women to enter into post of the Secretary of the Administration, Deputy Commissioner in the Districts , Bangladesh Police, Bangladesh Army , Bangladesh Navy, Bangladesh Air Force and one vice Chairman from the woman has been introduced in the Upazilla level.

4.7 Present Position of Women :

At present 3 women in Secretary level 4 women in additional Secretary level, 3 women in Ambassadors/High Commissioners and 1 lady justice in Appellate Division have been deployed which show the empowerment of women. Beside these there are 5 Justices of the Hon,ble High Court Division , a member of the Human Rights Commission and a member of the Information Right Commission are working. For confirmation of empowering of women in gazetted level 10% quota and class III and Class IV level 15% quota have been fixed for the women. 60% quota have been reserved for the women during the appointment of the teachers of the primary school. The first women Peace keeping missions have been deployed in Hayeti composed by the women members of Bangladesh Police only.

Chapter-5

5.1 Institutional Development of Women:

The Government of Bangladesh has taken many progressive steps to thrust development of women in different activities of different societies and professions in Urban area and Rural area.

5.2 Action of Government:

The government formed the women rehabilitation board in the year 1972, Bangladesh Women Rehabilitation Welfare foundation in the year 1974, National women Organization in the year 1976 and Women Affairs Ministry in the year 1978, Department of women in the year 1984 and in the year 1994 Children Affairs had been added with the Ministry of women and had been renamed as ” Women and Children Affairs Ministry”. The following institutes have been introduced Under the department of women; National Women Training and Development Academy, Employees Women Hostel , Children day care home, Agricultural Training of Women, Begum Rokeya Training centre and many uninstitutional education centre , scholarships training for the welfare of women.

5.3 National Women Department:

Bangladesh Government has opened the doors Nation wide for the women of all categories of Bangladesh, so that they can improve themself.

5.4 Functions of Department of Women:

The national women department is functioning in 64 districts and 50 sub districts for the development of women. The Children Academy had been established for the advancement of social, cultural and mental development of the children in the year 1976.

5.5 Co-ordination Between Government and NGO:

A close co-ordination have been maintained between Government and Non Government Organizations for the improvement of the women professions and societies in Bangladesh.

5.6 Close Co-ordinations:

The women Affair Ministry is performing a vital role to co-ordinate between government and non government organizations for the development of women. To fulfillment of the objectives, the government will help the non governmental organizations and these function will continue by regular communication, conference and seminar . If possible the bio lateral program both government and non government will be continued for success the development of women.

5.7 Wealth and Financial factors:

As the large numbers of women in the societies are required to improve in their positions and professions, so wealth and financial factor is a vital factor for the Government and even then nothing create any bar to take any progressive action for the women.

5.8 Limitation:

There is limitation of wealth and skill manpower to give proper training to the women of different societies and professions of Bangladesh, even the Government is promised to develop the women in different professions of Bangladesh in rural and urban area.

5.9 Development of Women of Grass Root Level :

It is the duty of the Government of Bangladesh to improve the quality of life of the women of all societies and professions, even the Government is to reach to the grass root level for the sustainable development of the country.

5.10 Women in Grass Root Level:

In the villages and Unions level the steps to be taken to make the women self help. To make these groups self help the registration will be given to the organizations and all the financial institutions will be given inspiration to assist the rural women by sanctioning loan and other benefit to develop the women in different societies and professions.

5.11 Duties of NGO’s for Improvement of Women:

Different NGO’s of home and abroad are playing an important role to advance the backward societies and professions of Bangladesh which is a good sign for improvement of the women society in far and near.

5.12 Action of NGO’s:

The NGO’s of Bangladesh have been encouraged to take steps to develop the women societies all over Bangladesh in urban, rural and hill tracts area including the micro level of Bangladesh. As a result the women have become careful to establish their Political Rights, Economic Rights and Social Rights in the different societies and in the country.

5.13 Importance of Education of Women:

It is a fact that there is no alternative of education and only the literacy can make one selfhelp and with this objective the growing women of Bangladesh are being strongly encouraged to go to schools and the Government is giving a special care for the girls and allotting them scholarships for the students and tuition fee is free for the women.

5.14 Higher Education of Women:

The significant of higher education of Women in the National field is paramount and unlimited. A large number of girls are under study in different colleges and Universities of home and abroad . The women are becoming the Prime Minister, Ministers, Justices, Ambassadors, Doctors, Engineers, pilots and what not. Without proper and appropriate education nobody can become the suitable citizen of a country. Without proper education nobody can perform the duty and responsibility of the country. Through the educated women become very alert about the duty and responsibility of the country and the greatness of the country is depended on the duty , responsibility and character of the citizens. The proper education extend the vision , choice and self devotion of men and women. Illiteracy is the main embargo to develop the women in different professions in the country.

Chapter-6

6.1 Negligence for Giving the Rights of Women:

In deed it is a great shame for the civilized human society that living in 21st century man can deprive the right of women and this man ruling society neglect the women rights so that women are suffering a lot in different aspects.

6.2 Deprive from the Rights of Women:

Women in different professions are depriving due to many reasons as they are not careful and alert of their rights and share. Negligence is of two kinds, according as it is accompanied by inadvertence or not Advertent negligence is common called willful negligence or recklessness. Inadvertent negligence can called willful negligence or recklessness. Inadvertent negligence can be call simple negligence. In the case of advertent negligence, the harm done is foreseen as probable but it is not willed, in the case of inadvertent negligence, the harm done is neither foreseen for willed. In either cases, carelessness or indifference as to the consequences is present in the case of advertent negligence, the indifference does not prevent the consequences from being foreseen but in the case of inadvertent negligence the indifference does prevent the consequences from being foreseen. The women play a great role to improve the family, society and the country. In deed it is quite possible for the part of women to develop the country.

6.3 Elimination of Difference to Women:

The CEDAW was accepted by the United Nations Organization to eliminate the difference between men and women in politics, economics, family and social life. This document is considered as the Bill of Rights of women. In the year 1984 Bangladesh Government signed this Convention reserving Section 2.13 (ka),16(ka) and 16 (cha) and in this year 1996 the reservation of section 13(ka) and 16(cha) were withdrawn and Bangladesh submits report to the United Nations Organizations every after four years and lastly the 6th and 7th periodic report were sent in December 2009 and it was presented to the United Nations Organization on 25 January 2011.

6.4 Skillness in Professional Fields:

In the professional field the women are very alert to perform their duties and responsibilities with honesty , sincerity and hard work. In no case they are behind the men but in some organizations it is found that the women are deprived from the remuneration in comparison with the men, specially in garments factories and brick fields. The concerned authorities and the owner of the industries are to become very alert for the payment of the workers. It is their rights as they work equally with the men worker. This depriveness can not go further and the Government is to pass law on this matter as early as possible.

6.5 Duties of Women

The women can perform verities of duty in home and abroad with success and also can contribute to different fields which carry a better result for the country.

6.6 Elimination of Poverty:

40% populations of our country have been living under the poverty mark and out of this 40% two third are women. Still the financial evaluations of the women have not done. It is vital that to remove the poverty from the society in agriculture field it is essential. In this field the women are not evaluated and as per duty they are not getting their benefit.

6.7 Women can Control the Population:

Women are very essential part to develop the country and it is possible if they become alert to control the population. The rate of increasing of population is given below: In the census of 1961 the population of Bangladesh was 5 crore 52 lac and in the year 1974 this number increased as 7 crore 63 lac. In the year 1981 population again increased as 8 crore 99 lac and in the year 1991 the population stood as 10 crore 79 lac 92 thousand 940. Density of population is 2245 per square mile. The density of population in the City and Rural area are different. The ratio of women and men are equal. According to the Census of 1981 the female member were 4 crores 63 lac and male members were 4 crores 36 lac . The ratio of female and male were in the year 1952 was 110: 100 and in the year 1961 this ratio was 108: 100. in the year 1981 this rate was 100.2: 100 and in the year 1991 this ratio was 206.4 : 100. In the city the ratio is 129: 100 and the Rural area it is 105 : 100. If the rate is not controlled in the year 2050 the population will be 25 crore and it is possible to control the population by making the women alert . If the steps are not taken to improve the women in different professions and societies and the rate of female education is not increased the carefulness will not grow and the rate will not decrease. Once upon a time the population will become burden in the country. In the opinion of Economist Mr. Melthas if the population is increased in comparison with the production of food it is understood that the country is over populated. In this way it is found that Bangladesh has cover all terms and conditions to full fill the over populated country. Lady societies can play a great role to develop the country and solve the venerable problem.

Chapter-7

7.1 Participation in Venerable Post

A good number of women are now functioning in the venerable posts of the different departments of the Present Governments. It is the pride of the Nation that both Prime Minister and leader of the Opposition are women.

7.2. Prime Minister:

The Hon’ble Prime Minister of The People’s Republic of Bangladesh is a lady and also the previous Prime Minister was lady. There are little number of countries in the world where the Prime Minister is lady. She leads the country spontaneously without any failure and of course it is a sign of improvement of lady society and professions and the days are not far away when lady will be in the main stream of the society.

7.3 Leader of Opposition:

Leader of opposition of Bangladesh is lady. So, in every part and every corner of Bangladesh there is participation of lady which is the contribution of the generous leader of the past in Bangladesh.

7.4 Ministers:

In the present cabinet 6 ministers have been selected from the lady and they are discharging their duties , responsibilities and leading the Ministries with success and it is a great achievement for the women.

7.5 Justices in the Supreme Court of Bangladesh:

A good number of Justices from women have been appointed in the Hon’ble High Court Division and they are performing their duties very skillfully and effectively and even the disposal rate of different cases are more than male justices and even one female justice Mrs. Najmun Ara Sultana has been appointed in the Appellate Division of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of Bangladesh which shows the advancement of women of Bangladesh.

7.6 Judicial Service:

In the year 1982 the door of the Judicial Cadre was opened for the women and a good number of lady Judicial officers have been participated in the Judicial Service and they are discharging their duties and responsibilities with sincerity and honesty which is a better sign of the advancement of women.

7.7 Doctors:

The rate of participation in medical profession is increasing faster and a good member of women have become doctors for giving service to the Nation and the peoples of Bangladesh which bears a vital significant.

7.8 Engineers:

Engineering is a little tough job for the women but the women of Bangladesh have taken challenge and contributing to develop the infrastructure of Bangladesh which is a affirmative sign for improvement of women.

7.9 Pilots:

Pilot is a very challenging job but the women of Bangladesh are also taking challenges to fly the aircraft in the sky. They are not behind the male pilot and it is a great pride for women.

7.10 Education:

In the field of education, huge number of lady teachers have been teaching successfully in different universities, colleges, schools and contributing to build the nation.

7.11. Police Force:

To maintain peace and security of the country police play a vital role and the lady police have participated in this very rough and tough job and become success and they not only maintain internal security of the country but also participating in the International Peace Keeping Mission under the United Nations Organization and it is a sign of advancement of women in International Forum.

7.12 Military Force:

Now the door is opened for the women to participate in Bangladesh Army, Bangladesh Navy and Bangladesh Air Force to serve the Nation. The duties and responsibilities of Military Force are to keep sovereignty of the country and become always alert to oppose the external attack from the outer country. Fighting is the main duty of the soldiers of the country. The ladies have participated this fighting profession and this is very recommendable that in no field lady are behind the men. Women have become parallel to the men and it has become possible only to make field by the leaders of the past for the women.

7.13 Advocate:

A large number of lady advocates have been practicing in the legal field of the Magistrate Court, Judge Court, High Court even in the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court with name and fame. A number of lady barristers are also discharging their duties in the Hon’ble Court from the lady .

7.14 High Commissioners:

In Bangladesh 3 women have been appointed in different countries as the High Commissioner/ Ambassador in abroad and they are discharging their duties with very skill hand.

7.15 Journalists:

A number of journalists have been working very skillfully in the Print media and Electronic Media in home and abroad with a very courage.

7.16 Other Professions:

Every professions either Government or Non Government the door are opened for the women. Now the women of Bangladesh have taken a very important place and there are no service and appointments where there are no foot steps of women. It is a great achievement for the women. From top to the bottom of the country every where there is women. It is a great pride. In Bangladesh there is a little profession like pilot of fighter aircraft and helicopter, captain of ships etc where there is no participation of the lady and the time is not far away when the lady will also take participation in those professions.

Chapter-8

8.1 Encourage of Women in Politics:

To encourage the women in the politics the Government has taken some effective steps for the women. Some elected post have been fixed for the women in public election. for example one member post from every ward, one vice chairman from Upazilla

8.2 Participation in Politics:

The leaders , guardians, appropriate authorities are to take steps to encourage the women to take participation in the politics. Following may be the steps to encourage the lady into politics:

a. The political parties are to encourage and broadcast to participate the ladies in the political activity.

b. The political rights , broadcast and application of it to be done through seminar/symposium and workshop.

c. In the political party minimum 33% participation of women to be confirmed.

d. The political parties to be encouraged to select a candidate from women by election.

e. To alert the female candidate for establishing the political rights.

f. In the National Assembly of Bangladesh minimum 33% female candidates to be entered and steps to be taken for arranging direct election for the reserve seats.

g. In the local Government System it is to be arranged direct election system for all reserve seats of women.

h. To deploy the lady in higher forum and post to take higher decision in the state level.

i. To arrange contract and lateral entry for the women in higher administrative post of Government service directly.

j. To deploy the women in administrative post, policy maker post and constitutional post in a increase rate.

k. To deploy the women for the representative from Bangladesh in International Organizations and United Nations Organization.

l. To increase the Quota in all level i.e gazetted and non gazetted post at the aim of empowerment of women.

m. Steps to be taken to increase women Quota System in Autonomous, Semi Autonomous, Government and Semi Government organizations.

n. To take steps as per recommendation by the United Nations Organization the equal and full participation of women in 30% policy making post of the Government.

O. To broadcast the women activity in the public media, confirm the entrance of women in public media, eliminate the difference of participation of women and to broadcast the positiveness of women and female children in the public media.

p. To stop the broadcast of the negetiveness, dishonour and jealousness against women.

q. To create equal opportunity for the women in public media.

8.3 Mis Evaluation:

Woman are not evaluated in the field of working arena with the men. Women are giving maximum labor of the factories and industries but they are not getting the same remuneration or salary from the concerned authorities. So the mental progress is a essential factor in this field. A lady worker on the brick fields, industries and garments is getting less remuneration then the male worker who is also working side by side with the male worker and giving same production to the organizations in the same field.

8.4 Present Position of Women:

It is necessary to equal honour, equal right, equal significant of men and women but found a little difference in the practical filed. In the advancement of civilization from the primary society to the modern society the contribution of women is equal to men but the evaluation is just adverse and the prize is rare. i.e in some cases it is admitted but in actual field it is found hopeless. There is limited scope to share of our culture and it is universal truth that without participation of women it is not only tough to build happy, beautiful society and country but also a dream and it is possible to do many things combinedly with men and women. Our Rebel poet Mr Kazi Nazrul Islam uttered during the Rule of British “The great creation which is good in the world is half done by men and half done by women.” After passing four decades from the independent of Bangladesh it is still not possible to establish the women rights in the society as per their requirement. The women are still under insulting, pressure, hopeless and captive in the four walls as the women have not given any suitable opportunity and proper environment of work. The admonition and beat are awarded for 2 green Chiles and a bit of salt. The leaders of advancement of women Begum Rokeya shown the way of improvement of women. In this crisis society, the creative work, genius ness of women are increasing a little bit rate. To build a standard society there is no alternative other then improvement of the lady society and in the professions.

8.5 Share of Women:

50% populations of Bangladesh are women and rest 50% population are men and the development of women is the precondition of national development of Bangladesh. It is mandatory for equal opportunity and equal rights in all field of Government and Non Government organizations for the sustainable development of Bangladesh. In the year 1997 the Government introduced Women Development Policy firstly which objectives were to develop the opportunity of the oppressed women and neglected women in villages and urban societies and professions of Bangladesh. The leaders of the lady society are to take effective steps to prepare the Women Development Policy. Again in the year 2004 the Government changed the Women Development Policy. In the year 2008 the Women Development Policy was reintroduced with an amendment version but it was not come in the light.

8.6 International Women Forum :

Bangladesh has participated all international women forum in home and abroad and signed the documents for advancement of women and involved with women development work world wide. Bangladesh government is promised to develop the women community.

8.7 Security for Women in Working fields:

Security means safety safeguard and protection of those things which are of value and which are need to be protected for some reasons and all the measures are to be take to protects the women from any hazards and insecure conditions in the working place so that they can work peacefully and attentively and can give maximum out put to the organizations.

8.8 Action Taken for Women:

The Ministry of Women and Children Affairs has taken many actions for the development of women to stop the torture, to abduction of women, to maintain security in the working field.

8.9 Embargo/Bar to Development of Women:

In Bangladesh there are some embargoes/bar to develop the women societies and professions and to eliminate those embargoes from the society some general laws have been amended and the new laws have been come enforced; for example Dowry Prohibition Act 1980 . Children Marriage Act, Nari-o-Shisu Nirjaton Domon Ain 2000 (amendment 2003) not only that to help the oppressed women there is fund in District and Session Judge Court.

8.10 Human Wealth as Women:

For sustainable development of the country there is no alternative to develop the skill human wealth and the precondition of human development are the expansion of Education , Health Training, Mental and Cultural maturity ,the Education background have been given priority to develop the skillness of women wealth by the Government. The primary education has been mandatory for the significant of Education of women. The government has given scholarship to the girl students on priority basis and this step become very effective to admit the girls in the schools and continue the study in the schools. The government is ready to help the women in priority basis in education, training, science and technology fields.

8.11 National Level:

The main responsibility lays on the shoulder of the Government for the development policy and plan of women in all levels from grass root to top level for the development of the women. In national level a number of lady figures have been participated in different fields in sports , culture, films and many others.

8.12 Institutional Frame of Women:

The Women and Children Affair Ministry, Department of Women, National Organization of Women, Bangladesh Children Academy have been working for last 30 years for the Equality Development and Empowerment of women.

8.13 National Council for Women and Children:

A national council for Women and Children development has been formed by 50 members presided over the Hon’ble Prime Minister of Bangladesh for participation of the socio economic development of the women and to give effects to the women and children rights and to establish legal rights of women development and to take steps to develop the fortune of women and preserve the good working environment in the working field.

8.14 District and Upazilla Level:

With the objectives of advancement and empowerment of women in District level and sub district level. The District Administration, District Council, Municipality, Local Government will take effective steps.

8.15 Grass Root level:

In Union Council, Upazilla Council, District Council will be coordinated very closely to develop the women in our country.

8.16 NGO’s and Social Organizations:

Actual women development is a wide function. To success this function the Government and Non Government Organizations are to work simultaneously to achieve the goal.

8.17 Limitation:

To find out the actual picture of women in the remote Rural area it is expensive as a student.

8.18 Questions and Answers :

Questions have been asked to the Common peoples on “Significant for the Advancement of Women in Different Professions : Legal Implication” which are given below with answer:

Question No.1: Why it is significant to improve the women in different professions ?

Answer: It is mandatory to improve the women in different professions as it is Constitutional obligation.

Question No.2: What do you think about the future of women society in our country ?

Answer: Bright future of all kinds of women is waiting when the women will be self sufficient in all respect.

Question No.3: Do you think that women should get equal share in all respect in our society ?

Answer: Yes, I think so .

Question No.4: Do you think that a lion share of improvement of the society is depend on the women ?

Answer : I do not think so, because the lady play a general activities of the day to days life. Still today they are unable to face any critical situation as per the demand of the circumstances. So, Lion share is not depended upon them but a good share is dependent upon them for improvement of Bangladesh.

Question No.5: Do you have any demand or suggestion for the improvement of the society in Bangladesh ?

Answer: The women should come forward to improve the country and remove the limitation to work in different level in the society.

Question No.6: Do you think that it is possible to take part for the women to take share in all activities of the society?

Answer: It is possible to take part in all activities of the society with the help of the male members of the society and in this connection the male members are to extend helping hand to the female members of the society to build up a standard Nation.

Question No.7: Do you think that our society should be made as Western society ?

Answer: I do not think so. Western culture is quite different from our culture but it may change day by day.

Question No.8: Is it not sufficient facility for the women which is already given ?

Answer: No. It is not sufficient for the improvement of women in the society.

Note: The same type of questions delivered to the different persons on different professions to collect information from the Primary sources and they have replied more or less same type of answer to the questions whose names and professions are given below:

Chapter- 9

9.1 Findings

I. 80% Citizens of Bangladesh have been agreed to give more facilities to development the woman in different societies and professions in Bangladesh

II. A little group of citizens of different categories remarked that as maximum women are self centre so, they should not get equal facility in comparison with the male , citing example that the whole family can depend on the earning of a male member of a family but can not depend on the earning of a female member.

III. A group of people opined that for the sake of the development of the country the women should get equal facility with the man.

9.2 Conclusion:

Almighty Allah created both man and woman equally and has not drawn any distinction between them. He has bestowed them with equal faculties .Women are now a days as important as man in the society. They constitute nearly half of our total population. So there can be no denying the fact that they too possess equal rights and duties as men do. They have noble missions to fulfill as men. If they get opportunities their genius, powers and capacities will bloom fully. No nation can make real progress keeping a full half of population in the dark. Without the uplift of women, no progress of the nation is at all possible. Though belated, women are participating in the development of our country. They are taking part in the different occupations. Garments are the most contributing industries in the development of our country. And 90% of the garment workers are women. In spite of many problems they are working in the garments. Women work in many poultry farms. A large number of our women work as construction workers. Women are taking education and working in different offices now-a-days. They are participating in the administration also. Our ex Prime Minister and present prime Minister are women too. They are administrating the government of the country. We have some women social workers too. They are contributing to the social development of our country. A number of teachers, bankers, lawyers are women. Thus a large number of women are contributing to the development of our country. Still I think the participation of our women is not up to the mark. More women should participate as they are the half of our population. Education is necessary for them, otherwise they will remain in the backward. If the country could ensure a better environment for women to work, they would contribute more and more. Their families also should encourage them.

9.3 Recommendations:

After completion of the thesis the following recommendations have been done :

I. The women should get special facility for advancement as per the Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh .

II. The quota for entrance of the different service should be increased in all Government , Semi Government and Non Government organizations.

III. The woman should get maximum priority for admission of different schools, colleges and universities for the sake of the development of the Nation.

IV. To give more scopes in different fields to participate in our public life, social life and political life etc.