The textile industry is now a major export oriented economy of our country

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The textile industry is now a major export oriented economy of our country.

CHAPTER-01

BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

1.1 Purpose of the Study

The textile industry of Bangladesh has become the major foreign exchange earning sector. The textile industry is now a major export oriented economy of our country.

In order to rapid growth of our country, the government has taken an approach to establish public/private limited company.

The overall impact of export is certainly one of the most significant social and economic developments of our country.

When was reading MBA, known all the information and became interested about textile industry. When have completed my MBA final theoretical courses, took decision to do internship in textile industry. So then have done internship in DK. Group.

1.2 Scope of the Study

The tried as much as information about textile industry. The guiding principle of DK. Textile is to maintain and develop a strong relation with buyers and retailers and support the customers so that they can be satisfied.

1.3 Objective of the Study

The objective of this Study is to determine the importance about the marketing section of a textile industry. It also helps me to understand about the feelings towards our textile industry of the foreign customers. The would also learn about the foreign customers when, why and what are their expectations from our textile industry.

1.4 Methodology

The used both primary and secondary data for preparing this report. But most of the data are collected from primary source. The observed various departments and activities of DK. Textile Ltd. Individual experience and job related s area also was a great source of information. For collecting secondary data have searched website, read different books and reports.

1.5 Limitations

The have tried my best to complete the report completely and successfully. But while conducting report, the faced some problems. The major limitations are given below:

(a) The authority did not want to provide more information about their industry. They were tried to avoid answering many questions.

(b) The data that the given in the report are very small amount. So it is hard to get a complete idea about our textile industry.

(c) It was very hard for me to know every part of DK. Textile Ltd because three months is a very short time to learn.

(d) It is very necessary to require much experience for collecting information. But I had a very little experience, so it is simple to come error in the report.

CHAPTER-02

ORGANIZATIONAL PROFILE AND STRUCTURE

2.1 OVERVIEW OF BANGLADESH TEXTILE SECTOR

Bangladesh is the best place in the region for textile and garments industry due to cheap labor and favorable trade status with the EU. There is a huge yarn and fabric demand and supply gap in RMG industries which is presently is about 85%-90% of the demand is met by import from countries like China, India, Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan etc. Fabric requirement is increasing at 20% per annum. In order to stimulate rapid economic growth of the country Bangladesh Government encourage foreign investment and establish six individual export processing zone (EPZ). During the July-March 2006-07 periods, overall exports of the country reached US $9036.4 million. Represents a surge of over 20%, especially on the back of footwear and garments. Knitwear industry failed to achieve target exports of $3485.2 million and earned around $3335.2 million. Fazlul Haq, President, Bangladesh Knitwear manufacturers and Exporters Association (BKMEA), explained, “The failure is due to the adverse effect of labor unrest in the garment sector in May 2006.

(Source: www.fiber2fashion.com)

Currently the number of membership of BTMA is 935 under:

Spinning (Yarn Manufacturer) = 263

Weaving (Fabric Manufacturer) = 458

Dyeing-Printing-Finishing (Textile Product Processor) =159

Over 2.50 billion EURO has been invested in these mills and about 3.50 million people are currently employed.

Labor cost incurred in the industry is the lowest compared to its competitors

(Source: BKMEA websites)

Energy cost in Bangladesh in lower compared to India and Pakistan.

Bangladesh Textile Industry at a glance:

(Source BTMA website, Last Update, February 2007).

2.2 BKMEA and BTMA

About BKMEA

BKMEA was founded in 1996 to promote the exclusively the knitwear sector of Bangladesh. Knitwear is the second largest export earnings sector of the country that is expected to become number one very soon. BKMEA is committed to enhance social compliance status of its member units. BKMEA has ensured children labor free knitwear sector.

About BTMA

Bangladesh Textile Mills Association (BTMA) is the national trade organization representing Yarn, Fabric manufacturers and Textile Product Processors mills of the country under private sector. BTMA is registered in 1983 with the Joint Stock Companies as an Association, not for profit under4 the Companies Act 1994. BTMA’s initial memberships of 22 mills have some objectives also.

As the export increased in the knitwear sector the capacity of backward linkage also gradually increased accordingly. The result is local suppliers can improve 90% of the total fabric requirement of the sector. The growth of spinning mills also stepped with the growth of knitwear exports. In 2003-04 the total number of spindles was 1.38 million that supplied 10.70 million KG yarn. In 2003-04 the number almost tripled and it becomes 3.7 million that supplies 239.00 million KG yarn. As of now the total investment in the backward linkage industry is mote than US$ 2.00 billion.

In figure number 2, though Woven is the highest contribution (41.58%) in terms of gross export but the knit becomes the most significant component if we see the net export share (32%). It happens because the backward linkage industry has grown over the time, which happens the knitwear sector to have higher value addition, and they’re fore a much higher net retention rate.

(Source BKMEA websites)

The graph shows us the overall export situation of our country over the year of 1972-73 to 2004-05. In the graph we have seen that after 1990-91 the export Bangladesh radically increases. Finally in 2004-05 it is in booming situation and crosses 8000 million US$ yearly exports. Behind this dynamic growth few positive components like low labor cost, privatization, favorable duty policy and over all a good impression about our Bangladeshi RMG Products on foreign buyers work most.

Competitive statistics of Knitwear (Volume in million US$)

Graphs of the above table shown on the next page:

Figure No. 4. Competitive Statistics of woven wear of Bangladesh

Competitive Statistics of woven wear

Year

Figure No 5: Competitive statistics of knitwear of Bangladesh

Competitive statistics of Knitwear

Year

The growth of knitwear and Woven sector is increasing at an increasing rate. The cumulative average growth rate of the knitwear sector is 27%. And it is continuously grabbing a more portion in the export pie of Bangladesh. The knitwear is heavily driven by the favorable policies and took the opportunity to development a strong backward linkage for the growth.

2.3 Company Background:

DK. Group is one of the leading private groups of our country. It is the joint venture business with Denmark. Its main focus is on RMG and its related diversified business. Mr. Jorgen Loren Zen is the chairman of this group. DK. Textile is one of the most profitable wings of the group. The production capacity of DK. Textile is one million per year and it’s started its operation on July 1996.

To develop a win-win business relationship between the buyers and manufacturer, DK. Textile has established an effective channel of communication. They also develop result-based systems for continuous development through innovation and the use of information technology. They also identify various means for reducing overall cost of operations without compromising on quality, delivery and profitability.

The goal of DK. is to provide high quality product to the clients that meets or exceeds their quality expectation. DK. Group maintains quality assurance staff to assist in the selection and development of manufacturers who manufacture products according to DK. Group’s standard and who meet DK. Group’s policy, principles and guidelines. The company is certified by ISO 9001:2000 and Oeko-Tex Standard 100.

2.4 Address of The Organization:

Corporate Office:

1/c Green Corner, Green Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

E- mail:

www.dkgbd.com

info@dkg.com

Factory:

Nigar plaza , Near Ashulia Fantasy Kingdom, Zamgara, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

E- mail:

www.dkgbd.com

dkkl@agni.com

2.5 Business Units of DK. Group:

(a) DK. Knitwear Limited

(b) DK. Sweater Limited

(c) DK. Textile Limited

(d) DK. collection

(e) DK. Sweater Jacquard Limited

(f) ZMM Fashion.

2.6 Products of DK. Group:

(a) Polar Fleece

(b) Micro Fleece

(c) C.V.C Fleece

(d) Bonded Fleece

(e) Taffeta (Nylon, Polyester)

(f) Polyester Micro fiber

(g) Denim

2.7 Company Mission:

To conduct the business of DK. Group so as to maintain the reputation for credibility and integrity with clients, vendors and employees.

To provide customized sourcing and logistic solutions to global clients having unique requirements. To achieve consistent high quality levels and on- time delivery schedules, through a team of committed personnel and a proven set of vendors with world class, systematic manufacturing facilities.

2.8 Company Vision

To be the most preferred garment sourcing agency for global clients and to provide automated warehousing and re-distribution solutions to global clients.

2.9 Business Philosophy:

(a) To help the national economy.

(b) Profit maximization.

(c) Cost minimization.

(d) Company’s wealth maximization

(e) Create employment

(f) Creates customer value.

2.10 Main Buyers of DK. Group:

Complices , Kids Head Guarter , K-Mart, Wal Mart, Cotton Group, C&A, Gus, Casino Cora , Carrefour , Reiker, Norton’s , Hadded , JC Penny, P&C, Tchibo, Russell Athletic, New Wave, Hampton , Esquiss , Alcamppo., Padma Limited

2.11 Competitors:

DK. Textile is one of the wings (SBU) of DK. Group. It is an export-oriented plant. DK. Textile exports its products in various countries of the world such as: USA, Canada, Denmark, France, Finland, Belgium, Germany, Norway, Spain, Switzerland and Holland. In this region India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and China are our main global competitors. This company has also local competitors. Different types of textile public and private limited companies are mainly DK’s local competitors.

In Bangladesh DK. Textile also sells their products in local RMG buyers and to the foreign buyer agents. As this textile sector is overcrowded in every year so generally price control and quality maintain is becoming tougher day by day. Free Trade Agreement (FTA) is another vital concern at present time. Government policies and international lobbing by the companies ply a crucial role to get foreign order here. In my suggestion penetrating on local market by launching a new brand is easier and suitable for DK. Group.

2.12 Organization’s Machineries Details:

DK. Textile is equipped with high tech equipments. These are given below:

Productivity:

Tee Shirt per day: 20,000 Pcs

Polo T- shirt day: 4,000 Pcs

Above Factory Space:

Production Floor: 25,000 Sq / Ft

2.13 DK. Exports

DK. exports their goods in Germany, Holland, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, Italy, UK, Spain, Finland, USA, Switzerland and Canada.

Figure No: 6 Export percentage of DK:

The pie indicates the export percentage of DK. group in various region of the world. Here European region export percentage is 55.4%, US region covers 34.29%. The rest portion of export is done in other countries.

Figure No: 07 Export earnings of DK

The above graphs shows the DK Group revenue & as well as

Production growth. According to the graph the revenue of

The company in the year of 2007 remains US$ of 290 million

2.14 Employee Age Class:

DK. Group has no child labor. Here strictly maintain safety, health and hygiene provisions as per ILO’S and Bangladesh labor laws rule and regulation. The following facilities are available for the safety, health and hygiene:

(a) Free medical service

(b) Proper first aid box

(c) Enough fire extinguishers

(d) Trained fire fighting team.

(e) Enough toilets and urinals.

(f) 3 way exit

(g) Kinder-garten school for workers children.

(h) Training center for middle management and workers.

(i) Water treatment plant

(j) Doctor facilities.

(k) Canteen for workers and staffs.

2.15 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

The span of control of DK. textile is almost tall. In office high officials control the subordinates and subordinates are liable for their work to their authorized superior boss. In this organization all the people works in tremendous pressure. As per job character job threatening is very high here. Very naturally job satisfaction is very low for all working people especially for the lower officials and workers. On the other hand job-switching tendency for the mid level, high-level officers and expert peoples is high here. Working environment is allover satisfactory here. Here the chairmen and directors take crucial decision.

Figure No 8: Structure of the organization

2.16 Organi

Nation’s Infrastructure:

# A well-mannered work force to assist the company in each department from sampling to packing until shipping.

# Have a strong design and product development team, which constantly innovates new products every year.

# A fully integrated production and finishing unit.

# A smart and young team of marketing to market product in international market.

# Here, the clients own designs, labels, trademarks and other specifications are cordially welcome

2.17 Group Banks of the Organization:

(a) Agrani Bank Limited

Green Road Branch

Green Road, Dhaka-1205

(b) Eastern Bank Limited

10 Dilkusha C/A

Dhaka- 1100

CHAPTER-03

FUNCTIONS OF THE ORGANIZATION

3.1 ORGANIZATION FUNCTIONS

The main task of DK. Textile is producing various types of fabrics. Generally according to the buyers demand the company produces these fabrics. Like other organizations, DK.Textile also have various departments. These are: production, quality control, accounts, marketing, and administration departments.

Production Department: Production departments an important department of a textile industry because it handle how to manufacture the product completely. The production analysis team measures daily productions. In production unit they follow the style of given sample. This department is also linked with the cutting, pattern, and sample section.

Quality Control Department: DK.Textile has quality control team who closely supervise the product line in each of the manufacturing unit. They also supervise the quality of production and finally control them. Quality control team also help to reduce the problem of the production line and take necessary steps to solve the problems.

Finance and Accounting Department: DK.Textile has an accounts and finance department. This department directly supervises the budgeting and financing

Marketing Department: The duty of marketing department is to communicate with buyers and also aware about buyer requirement. Here, marketing programmed is designed to sell quality products at low price. On the other hand, marketing strategy is always focused to meet the target price offered by the customer.

Administration department: DK.Textile has also an administration department. This department looks after company’s day-to-day affairs. It also appoints employees, fix salaries, and make rules and regulations. On the other hand, the department also works about factory compliances issues, management disciplinary action matters.

Figure: 09 Functions of Production and Marketing Department of DK. Textile:

# Order collection # Accounts maintenance # Shipment

# Dealing with LC s’ # Quality assurance # Desired quality control

# Document processing # Production operation # Delivery and management shipment

# Production time and # Storing finished goods # Dealing with

customer desired foreign quality executing payment

# Legal complicacy # Management of # Network

handling raw material maintaining

3.2. Yarn Manufacturing Process

Textile mills purchase cotton and receive the bales from gin yards or cotton warehouses. These mills start with raw bales of cotton and process them in stage until they produce yarn (fibers twisted into threads used in weaving or knitting) or cloth (fabric or material constructed from weaving or knitting).

The first stage is in the opening room. Here, bales are opened and laid in a line on the floor, side by side, near a cotton opening machine. This machine travels along the line of opened bales, puling fibers to be sent to a mixing machine and them on to the carding system.

Carding is the process of pulling the fibers into parallel alignment to form a thin web. High speed electronic equipment with wire toothed rollers performs this task. The web of fibers is eventually condensed into a continues, untwisted, rope-like strand called a silver. These silvers then continue to a combing machine. Here, the fibers shorter than half-inch and impurities are removed from the cotton.

This process makes the silver smoother so more uniform yarns can be produced. The drawing or pulling of this sliver is next. Cotton trivia khaki is derived from a Hindu word that means “dust color”. Originally, khaki referred to a dull yellow-brown cotton or wool uniform fabric used for its camouflage effect.

The sliver is drawn out to a thinner strand and given a slight twist to improve strength, then wound on bobbins (spools wound with the thread like product for storage). Having completed this process. It is now called roving. The roving bobbins are now ready for the spinning process.

Spinning is the last process in yarn manufacturing. Today’s mills draw and twist the roving into yearn and place it on bobbins. They do this quite efficiently. A large, modern mill can produce enough yarn of thread in 30 days to wrap around the earth 23000 times or go to and return from the moon 235 times. With the use of automatic winding, the yarn bobbins are transferred to large bobbins called cheese cones can be stored until they are needed in the weaving process.

The weaving process uses yarn that, depending on how it lies in the woven goods. These yarn may now be either a warp or a weft yam. Warp refers to yarns that run lengthwise in woven goods. In preparation of warp yarns for weaving, hundreds of yarn strands are wound from cheese cones onto a large warp beam. Yearns on this beam are then coated with a sizing compound (a starch mixture) to add strength for weaving. The sized yarns are then wound onto a loom beam that will be placed on the loom (a machine used to interlace yarns to from cloth). Weft is the yarn that runs crosswise in woven goods and may be referred to as filling yarn. Sizing is not placed on weft because flexibility is needed in the weaving process. In today’s most modern mills, the weft is fed into the loom from cheese cones with air-jets at such a high speed that its movement cannot be seen.

The woven cloth from the loom, called green or grey, is whitish but has a natural yellow tint. This cloth is further treated by various means to improve its appearance and feel, then either bleached, dyed or printed to produce the fabrics used in various products seen on store shelves.

There are three basic weaves that are used. The plain weave, the most common, is produced by passing the weft yarn over and under each warp yarn, alternating each row. This is used for cotton print cloth, sheeting, muslin and more. The twill weave is produced by interlacing yarns in an angle to form straight, diagonal ridges across the fabric. The satin weave, has a surface that consists mostly or warp yarn which is passed over and under all but one weft yarn that intersects in a regular or irregular formatting, not a straight line.

This weave produces a fabric with a smooth surface. It is used for upholstery, home decorating and fashionable apparel.

Knitting is another method of turning yarn into fabric. Knit fabric is constructed of yarns made into loops (stitches) which are linked together by the use of needles. There are two basic types of knitted fabric. The weft knit fabrics are made with yarns forming loops the width of the fabric on a circular machine, producing jersey knit used in T-shirts and underwear. The warp knit fabrics are produced by feeding yarns to form loops in a lengthwise direction and are used for tricot fabrics and cotton lace. Knitted fabrics are softer and more flexible than woven fabrics. Making them ideal for sweaters, active sportswear and hosiery.

3.3 Fabrics Manufacturers

Knitted Fabric

Knitting is one of the ways of turning thread or yarn into clothes. Knitted fabric completely consists of horizontal parallel courses (crosswise) or yarn. These courses are joined to each other by interlocking loops where a short loop of one course of the yarn is wrapped over the bight of another course.

Knitted fabric is obtained either by hand knitting process or then by machine. In hand knitting process, a base series of twisted loops of yarn are made on a knitting needle before starting the process. A second needle is then used to reach through each loop in succession to snag a bight of yarn and pull a length back through the loop. Knitting by machine use a different mechanical system producing nearly identical results.

Knitted fabric composites show higher impact tolerance compared to the traditional composites or even to woven fabric composites. It is believed that the hand knitting originated among the nomads of the Arabian Peninsula about 1000 BC.

Type’s o knitted fabrics:

Weft knitted fabric-It is either made by hand or machine by looping together the lengths of the yearn. This supports the fabric to become stretchy and comfortable. Weft-knitted fabrics are used in socks. T-shirts and jumpers.

Warp knitted fabric- It is made by machine only. The loops, in this kind of fabrics interlock along the length of the fabric. It is only slightly stretchy and it do not ladders. These are used as swimwear, underwear etc.

Advantages of Knit Wears:

Because of casual and soft in nature as well as inherent good properties such as hygienic properties, fashionable design and color, knit wears have become the popular wear all over the world. Knit wears are informal but fashionable usually with short sleeves. Knit wears are commonly made of knitted fabrics of single jersey, Ribs, Interlock, etc due to the specifications in raw materials by using lower count of yam, construction of fabrics and stitching. Knit wears possess certain properties which are essential for good apparels; some special advantages of knitted-wears are given below:

1) Knit garment products are softer and more comfortable;

2) Knit wears/garments are usually used as underwear

garments i.e. used for soft skin abrasion.

3) Usually lower count of yam is used for knitting fabrics.

So, knitwear has more socking capability.

4) More profitable production can be made due to lower

project cost and cheaper management cost.

5) Knitting wears can be handled more easily while using

and washing. ,

6) Its market price is comparatively cheaper.

Manufacturing process:

For setting up Composite Industries consists of Knitting unit, Fabric Dyeing Finishing unit and Garments unit. The product of one unit will be the raw material of other unit:

The sequential process from yam manufacture to Garments product may be described as follows!

For Knitting Unit:

Knitting machine is various types where various design produces. Fabrics will also be produce in the circular -Knitting machines by altering some attachments mainly changing of camas. Rib Knitting and Interlock (double Knitting) fabrics will be produces in the Rib circular and Interlock Knitting machine.

Flat Knitting fabrics for collar and cuff will be ‘produced in the flat Knitting machine. After the Knit fabrics is produced, it is inspected in running condition while passing over a table of the inspection machine. The technology involved in Knitted fabrics is fairly simple which may be seen in the following flow process chart:

Process Flow Chart

Yarn storing in cone form

Rib Knitting

Circular Knitting

Face side inside turning of the knitted fabrics

3.4 Fabric Dyeing and Finishing Unit:

The technology involved in dyeing finishing of Knitted fabrics may be seen as below;

Face side inside

Turing of the Knitted

fabrics

Scouring /Bleaching

Washing

Bleached fabric(white)

Dying Was king

Ballooning & Squeezing/Hydro

Extractor

Drying and heat setting stuttering

Calendaring/Softening

Compacting & Shrinkage Controlling

Inspection

Folding & baling

Garments Making;

The operation process with two outputs i.e. T-shirts and Polo shirts are pre-sewing and finishing. A typical process flow-chart for Garments making is shown below: Process Flow Chart for Garments Making

Fabric

Fabric lying on Layers & clipping

Cutting of individual parts as per approved pattern

Sorting & Bundling sizeable for mass sewing

Sewing of collar, cuff Sleeve to shirt

Sewing of size label, washing instruction, Brand label

Button holding & stitching (in case of Polo-shirt)

Loose thread cutting/inspection Ironing (Finishing)

Folding

Packing in carton

Ready for Export

3.5 Production flowchart

Sampling

Price Officer to buyer

Orderconfirmation

Procurement of raw materials

Stores

Knitting Machines

Grey Fabric quality control

Grey Fabric quality control

Grey Fabric Batch room

Dyeing floor

Dyeing winch

Water squeezer

Dryer

Compactor

Finish Fabric quality control

Fabric stores

Cutting floor

Cutting quality control

Sewing input

Sewing output QC Table

Ironing

Folding/ Hangar

Poly

Assortment

Carton

Internal Inspection

Final Inspection by buyer

Shipment

3.6 Garments Quality control flow chart

Received finish fabric

Checking finish fabric

Marker

Laying

Cutting

Numbering

Checking

Bounding

Cutting Quality Audit

Input

Enpost Measurement checking

Table inspection

AlterRectification

Sewing quality audit

Iron

Enpost checking for finishing

Qualit audit for workmanship

Basic Measurement check

Folding

Poly/ Hangar

Metal Detector checking

Carton

Carton quality audit

Internal final inspection

3.7 Garments Planning:

To establish a garments factory the location choice is an important factor for correct manufacturing, worker management and proper transport system.

The following are some of the factors which will influence the choice of location:­

• Availability of worker.
• Availability of housing facility ( In Bangladeshi system it is not provided by any garments authority)
• Availability of staff amenities.
• Availability of transport.
• Availability of materials.
• Availability of cover-van parking space.
• Adequacy of circulation.
• Availability of services.
• Gas
• Electricity
• Water
• Drainage
• Disposal of waste
• Suitability of land and climate.
• Local building and planning regulation.
• Safety requirements.
• Site cost.
• Political situation.
• Special grants.

According to the place and types of manufacturers goods the building shape has been Chosen. Here I mentioned both the advantages of single and multi-story building. It depends on the size of the garments factory, which is prefer most.

3.8 Benefit of team in garments:

• Increase the group activities in production.
• Makes a competition among the team worker.
• Workers get satisfaction to work.
• Instrumental benefits.

3.9. Control

Control is a regulation of organizational activities so that some targeted elements of performance remains within acceptable limits.

Purposes of control:

· Adapting to environmental changes.

· Limiting the accumulation of errors.

· Coping with organizational completes.

· Minimizing cost.

· Keeping the organizational work on track (according to plan)

In garments sector the control is divided in three sections.

· Production control.

· Overall/Operational control.

· Financial control

Overall/Operational control:

· Preliminary control

· Screening control

· Post action control

Preliminary control:

Preliminary control concentrates on the resources-financial, material, and human and information-that the organization brings in form the environment. Preliminary control attempts to monitor the quality or quantity of these resources before they enter the organization.

Screening control:

Screening control focus on meeting standards for products or service quality or quantity during the actual transformation itself. Screening control relies heavily on feedback process.

Post action control:

Post action control focus on the outputs of the garments after the transformation process is complete. Coming’s old system of Post action control-final inspection after the product is completed. Although corning abandoned its Post action control system, this still may be an effective method of control, primarily if a product can be manufactured in only one or two steps or if the service is fairly simple and routine. Although Post action control alone. may not be as effective as preliminary or screening control, it can provide management with information for future planning.

Financial control:

Financial Control is the control of financial resources as they flow into the garments (i.e., revenues, investments), are held by the garments (i.e., working capital, retained earning), and flow out of the garments (i.e., pay expenses). Business must manage their finances so that revenues are sufficient to cover costs and still return a profit to the firm’s owners.

3.10 Prepare a garments budget:

Budget is a numerical expression. A good budget can provide a good exported or productive garment. Without budget a garments can’t run correctly. Only by the help of a good budget the goals can come out. Budget helps to take correct decision and divers the organization properly in right way. Budget also, shows the capacity of garments in productive market. Only a suitable and acceptable budget can run the garments correctly. For this reason budget is essential for the garments.

The processes of preparing budget in garments are as follows:

• Submission of budget request by the units to division head.
• Integration of unit budget and consolidated into division budget.
• Forwarding of division budget to budget committee.

CHAPTER-04

THE INTERNSHIP POSITION AND DUTIES:

4.1) Specific internship Position and Duties:

The started work in DK. Group as an internship student in the department of marketing. In the time of internship, The worked both in corporate office to understand the marketing functions and in the production plant to know the production. The job was communicated with the buyers, received phone call, made phone call to contact, check E-mail from the buyers. also observed how the production function has been completed. As a company DK. Textile is an export oriented commercial organization that is why the employees are very much professional. There still does not have any structured space or opportunities for working the internship students. So working there main objectives to skim through allover their system of working.

CHAPTER-05

LEARNING POINTS

Learning Points

5.1 Observation:

In DK. textile saw the process of making fabric. The learnt the basic steps of making fabric. The basic steps are spinning, weaving or knitting and a combination of dying, printing and finishing.

Spinning:

The main materials used in the spinning sub-sector are raw cotton and synthetic fibers such as viscose and polyester staple fibers. In this process natural and synthetic fibers are cleaned and twisted into yarn. The row materials are move through the blow room where all impurities are removing from natural fibers only and those are rolled into laps. The laps then go through a carding machine; then they are cleaned further and formed into silvers, thick and loosely spun yarn. In order to produce combat yarn, the fibers need to be undergoing further processing in the comber machine, where the sort stands are removed, and the remained processed into silver. The silver then fed to the draw frame, and speed /removing frame where they are twisted to and drafting take place and yam is produced. The yarn is then spun around a bobbing or cone, using autoscores or cone winding/reeling machines, packed and marked.

Weaving:

The yarn is made into gray. At this stage fabrics processed using looms or knitting machines. At this point the material has got no color and we have to

Color it according to our requirement (weaving produced cloth).

Prior to weaving the yarn is wrapped around beams and dipped in a size, an adhesive, which when dries gives the yarn a rigid and uniform structure. This yearn is then filled into the looms and called yard. A tread of yam, called the waft, passed between altering ward yam with the aid of a shuttle, air jet or rapiers.

Knitting:

Knitting is also used to make gray. Instead of looms, circular knitting machine are also used for knitting. Knit fabrics are much softer and more flexible than the produced on looms, and is commonly used for producing article of casual wars such as T-shirts and under garments.

Dying, Printing and Finishing:

At this stage the gray goes for dying, printing and finishing. After the gray is inspected, it goes through a process called the batch method when it undergoes scoring, bleaching and dying. Scouring is the treatment of gray in chemical. Solution in order to remove the size, natural fats, waxes, proteins and other impurities, and to make the fabric hydrophilic (It on longer repels water).

The batch processing is next. It is essential in giving the cloth a clean white color. It is done using two different methods. One is bleaching with dilute hydrochloride solution at room temperature or by using hydrogen per-oxide solution at elevated temperatures (80 to 90 degree Celsius). The later method is more expensive and usually results better and longer lasting whiteness.

The scoured cloth is then dyed and then printed on. Printing is done using perforated rollers that allow curtain chemicals and colors to diffuse through the holes. Then the printing has been completed and finally the fabric is being washed again.

5.2 The Marketing concept of the Dk. Textile:

Dk. Textile are always trying to achieve the organizational goal by determining the needs and wants of the target market and then deliver the product more efficiently and effectively then its competitors. Dk. textile focuses their capabilities to buyers and they also want to know the requirement of the buyers. They communicate with the buyer before produce the product because if buyers to made any change in pattern, thy can change it. On the other hand, the company does not consider the sale is completed until the buyers accept the products and the buyers locum ratified.

5.3 Marketing Mix:

Product

Dk. textile produces various types of fabrics for their own use (RMG), the Quality of fabrics are very satisfactory. Their main product is woven fabric. A chart gives the kinds of fabrics produced by DK. Textile.

Price

As Dk. produces fabrics for making export quality RMG that’s why quality is here main concern. Maintaining good quality is the reason for high cost of Dk. fabrics. A general cost related function is shown bellow in figure number 10.

Figure No 10: Cost factors of DK. Textile:

Material Used Wages Expenses

Place

Dk. textiles marketing place is its head office of marketing. Corporate buyers are the clients of DK. The company communicates with its

Buyers by direct mail. Personal selling is most effective tool for the buying process.</