The Electoral System The membership of the House of Commons is elected on the basis of adult suffrage. A general election must be held at least every five ears: Parliament Act 1911. In a democratic state the electoral process determines ...

EC law and national taw The ECJ has asserted the supremacy of EC law over conflicting national law on many occasions. The two early cases of Van Gend en Loos [1963] CMLR 105 and Costa v ENEL [1964] CMLR 425 ...

The main sources are: 1. Acts of Parliament, 2. common law, 3. European law, 4.ECHR, 5. royal prerogatives, 6. conventions, 7. constitutional writings. 6. Constitutional conventions: Conventions of the constitution are non-legal, rules or understanding generally observed by politicians but ...

Constitutional Convention 1) Would you agree that there is no justification for distinguishing between strict law and convention in the UK constitution and that, therefore, convention should be codified in legal form? 2) Compare and contrast, with examples, the expressions ...

The civil service The underlying principles Three principles underlie the civil service: political neutrality, anonymity and permanence. The important issue to understand and be able to evaluate is the relationship between the civil service and the government of the day. ...

Civil liberties and public order law Introduction Civil liberties and public order law define the relationship between individuals and society in relation to the exercise of rights and freedoms which affect all of society. At first sight it is not ...