Introduction
Globalization describes the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of political ideas through communication, transportation, and trade. The term is most closely associated with the term economic globalization. The integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, the spread of technology, and military presence. However, globalization is usually recognized as being driven by a combination of economic, technological, socio-cultural, political, and biological factors. The term can also refer to the transnational circulation of ideas, languages, or popular culture through acculturation. An aspect of the world which has gone through the process can be said to be globalized. However this world of globalization also has some issues which create questions whether we still live on a globalised world.
Border killing is that issue which makes us think whether we really live on a globalized world or not. Despite all these statements about globalization border killing remains one of the main issues between two neighbor countries. People die every now and then. For some time this remains as one of the main issues on the list then everyone forgets. And the story repeats itself.
Border killing- Two neighbor countries while guarding their borders to protect the nation’s security they fight. In that innocent people who lives on that part suffers the most. People die every now and then. Also they always feel the panic inside.
Treaties can be loosely compared to contracts, both are means of willing parties assuming obligations among themselves, and a party to either that fails to live up to their obligations can be held liable under international law. Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states. Amicable treaties mean an alliance between two countries where the main objective is to defend the geographical border lines of two countries as peacefully as possible. Here the main issue remains to be friendly on border issues.
Border of a country is protected by the countries own border guards. Their main tasks are,
- Control and guard State borders.
- Preventing movement of goods and other articles over state border bypassing the customs control.
- Border control of border crossing persons, vehicles, and travel documents.
- Control of transportation of prohibited and limited items (e.g. weapons, ammunition, toxic substances) over the state border.
- Preventing illegal border crossing for persons, vehicles, cargoes and other goods.
- Investigation of causes related to the offences against the State border and regime.
Even though the main task of border guards are to protect their country’s citizens but sometimes it goes the other way around. Variance between two neighboring countries or weak and unclear treaties lead to an trembling situation in border. Many innocent people who live near the border suffer the consequences of these situations. Sometimes problem between two nations’ border guards lead to gun fire which leads the citizens to live in constant fear. Over the time period it becomes more of a great and unavoidable issue all around the world. Though some countries try to maintain peaceful relation with their neighbors and succeed but some of them are showing the other side. An incident illustrates that the most powerful nations of today’s world United States of America is also having problems with their border guards. On June 10, 2010 “U.S. Border Patrol officer shot and killed a 14-year-old boy, Sergio Adrian Hernandez Guereca, beneath one of the international bridges that connects or, these days, divides, El Paso, Texas, from Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. The boy lay dead on the Mexican side and the Border Patrol agent was removed from the scene by U.S. officials. American officials say it was a case of self-defense. Mexican authorities condemned the killing as the use of excessive force.”
Border killing has been a global issue now-a-days.
Nowadays at the age of globalization neighboring nations try to keep a friendly relation with each other to have trade advantages and expanding domestic markets. Every state put their focus on having more and more advantages on border areas, and to have them they try to restrict unwanted involvements with other border guards through treaties. But if we look on the issue more closely there are many nations who are unable to maintain a peaceful relation with their neighbors. Many innocent lives taken by border guards are a violation against human rights.
- On December, 2010, a 15 year old girl was shot dead after she tried to re-enter Bangladesh by climbing a barbwire fence India has erected along sections of the two countries border, according to local newspapers.[1] Her bullet ridden body was left hanging on the fence for hours as thousands of villagers on both sides of the border looked on. Mon, Jan 17, 2011 Bangladesh summoned the Indian High Commissioner to protest the “brutal” killing of this teenage girl by Indian Border Security Forces, which has sparked chorus of disapproval in Bangladesh.
- On June 08, 2010 Mexican President Felipe Calderon accuses the killing of an illegal immigrant by U.S. Border Patrol agents as a “truly unacceptable violation” that involved “torture.” He’s also tying it to Arizona’s immigration law, even though the incident took place on the border with California. He also said that “A death with that degree of violence is a truly unacceptable violation”. He also said, according to the Associated Press.[2] “We need to raise all our voices, not only for Mexico but for human rights, because the cause of migrants is a cause that affects us all.” He added that the Arizona immigration law “opens a Pandora’s box of the worst abuses in the history of humanity.”
- On Jun 23, 2007, Ten Pakistani civilians were killed when international forces battling Taliban insurgents in Afghanistan fired across the border into Pakistan. Pakistani military spokesman Major-General Waheed Arshad said that some rockets fired by international forces flew over the border into Pakistan’s North Waziristan region during the battle.[3]
There are several incidents going on around the world at state borders. These acts of border killings are threats to human life. People from all around the world protest against border killing and try to convince governments of different countries to stop this and to focus on saving many innocent lives.
Bi lateral treaties around the sphere.
- The Nepal-India Treaty of 1950 and the Open Border. The Nepal-India Peace and Friendship Treaty which was signed on July 31, 1950 agreed to grant, on a reciprocal basis, to the nationals of one country in the territory of the other the same privileges on matters of residence, ownership of property, participation in trade and commerce, movement and other privileges of a similar nature. It became a major turning point in the movement of Indians into Nepal and was further reinforced by the Nepal India open border.[4]
- The Polish–German Treaty of Good Neighbourship and Friendly Cooperation was signed between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Poland on 17 June 1991. It supplemented the German–Polish Border Treaty signed in 1990. In the Treaty of Good Neighborship both countries agreed to respect the rights of national minorities living on the other side of the border, and to promote cultural contacts. In 1992 Poland also signed similarly-named agreements with other neighboring countries.
- The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 27 member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC) formed by six countries in the 1950s. In the intervening years the EU has grown in size by the accession of new member states, and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union under its current name in 1993. The last amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009. The EU operates through a hybrid system of supranational independent institutions and intergovernmental made decisions negotiated by the member states. Important institutions of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the European Central Bank. The European Parliament is elected every five years by EU citizens. The EU has developed a single market through a standardized system of laws which apply in all member states including the abolition of passport controls within the Schengen area. It ensures the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital. [5]
Why friendly treaties should be formed.
Border killing has been a major issue between two countries since ages. However the main reason for border treaties should be to prevent killing at borders. Over the years innocent lives were taken by border guards in USA- Mexican border, India-Pakistan border, South Korea-North Korea waterline border, India-Bangladesh border, Pakistan-Afghanistan border. Countries named above are suffering from this violent rage against human rights. Not only for ensure human rights also for other advantages. Like European Union, if countries all around the world could come together and build a community or maintain peaceful relation it would be helpful for the citizens because then they will have the opportunity of free movement it will also increase the trade investment. This will help the countries to reach a good economic condition. By introducing new unique legal documents like passports only for the friendly neighbors could be helpful for tracking citizen’s movements.
Conclusion
The legacy of border killing took lives of many peoples of neighboring countries. One civilian dies from other countries guards. Sometime people from that country get killed by its own guards due to the horrific issue of envies between two countries. Abdul Hoque,(30) an indian, was killed when BSF personnel opened fire at Durgapur, a village along the Bangladesh border in western Tripura, in the wee hours. So we can feel that bilateral treaties should strictly be framed to gain peace on borders.
Bibliography
P.Tony (2010), Border killing a symbol of failed policy. Retrieved on February 18, 2010, retrieved from
http://articles.cnn.com/2010-06-10/opinion/payan.border.shooting_1_border-patrol-mexican-side-excessive-force?_s=PM:OPINION
Anonymous (2010), Bangladesh protests ‘brutal’ India border killing. Retrieved on February 14, 2010, retrieved from
http://www.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Asia/Story/A1Story20110117-258744.html
Anonymous (2011), Take steps to stop border killing by BSF. Retrieved on February 14, 2010, retrieved from
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[1] India frequently accuses Bangladesh of pushing illegal migrants across the border and harbouring militants fighting Indian rule in its northeast. Dhaka says New Delhi allows Bangladeshi criminals to take refuge on its soil. In 2001, 16 Indian and three Bangladeshi soldiers were killed in the deadliest border clash between the two sides.
[2] A San Diego police captain told the Associated Press that Anastacio Hernandez — who was in the country illegally and was being deported to Mexico — wrestled two Border Patrol agents to the ground when his handcuffs were removed at the border crossing between San Diego and Tijuana. An agent shocked him with a stun gun and he died hours later.
[3] Afghanistan’s NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) said troops clashed with a large group of insurgents near the Pakistani border in Paktika province, killing about 40 of them.
[4] It did not materialize until the installation of democracy in February 1951, which replaced the oligarchic Rana regime within three and a half months of the signing of the Treaty. It is said that in response to the evolution of incidents in Kashmir, the Nizam State of Hyderabad and the Indian states and territories bordering China, Sardar Patel, as he assumed the portfolio of Home Minister, strongly pleaded and persuaded Prime Minister Nehru to impose some sort of control on Nepal and the result was the Treaty of 1950 and it is clearly reflected in his letter to Nehru. It is to be noted that the Rana Government assisted Indian Government by sending Nepalese troops, when India had to face problems in Hyderabad during independence and in Kashmir in 1948.
[5] The EU has developed a single market through a standardized system of laws which apply in all member states including the abolition of passport controls within the Schengen area. It ensures the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital, enacts legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintains common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development. A monetary union, the euro zone, was established in 1999 and is currently composed of seventeen member states. Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy the EU has developed a limited role in external relations and defense. Permanent diplomatic missions have been established around the world and the EU is represented at the United Nations, the WTO, the G8 and the G-20.