Industrial Attachment at DK Textile Mills Ltd
Introduction
By means of practical knowledge it’s not possible to apply the theoretical knowledge in the practical field. For any technical education, practical experience is almost equal important in association with the theoretical knowledge.
The industrial attachment is the process, which builds understanding, skills and attitude of the performer, which improves his knowledge in boosting productivity and services. University education provides us vast theoretical knowledge as well as more practical attachment, in despite of all these industrial attachment helps us to be familiar with technical support of modern machinery, skill ness about various processing stages.
It also provides us sufficient practical knowledge about production management, work study, efficiency, industrial management, purchasing, utility and maintenance of machinery and their operation techniques etc. the above mentioned cannot be achieved successfully by means of theoretical knowledge only. This is why it should be accomplished with practical knowledge in which it is based on. Industrial attachment makes us reliable to be accustomed with the industrial atmosphere and improve courage and inspiration to take self responsibility.
Textile education can’t be completed without industrial training. Because this industrial training minimizes the gap between theoretical and practical knowledge and make us accustomed to industrial environment. I got an opportunity to complete two-months long industrial training at DK Textile Mills Ltd , which is a 100% export-oriented composite Industry. It has well planned & equipped fabric dyeing-finishing and garments units in addition to facilitate knitting and knitwear manufacturing.
Chapter – 1
Project Description
Name: DK Textile Mills Ltd
Type: Composite.
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FACTORY:
Name of Company : DK Textile Mills Ltd
Factory : DK TEXTILE
: Zamgora, Ashulia,Savar, Dhaka-1349
(Opp.to Fantasy Kingdom)
Tel: +880-4476-600450
Location
DK Textile Mills Ltd Location
Address:
Factory Address : Zamgora, Ashulia,Savar, Dhaka-1349
(Opp.to Fantasy Kingdom)
Head Office : House # 99, Road # 4, Block # B Banani, Dhaka-1213,
Bangladesh Tel: 8802-8827134, 8827151, 9880894
Fax: 8802-9898107
USA Office : 291, Park Avenue
Apt # 46B
Nutley, Nj-07110, USA
Phone: 1-9736673029
Fax : 1-9736673029
Visions:
To be the most preferred garment, home textile, bags and other sourcing agency for global clients and to provide automated warehousing and re-distribution solutions to global clients.
Mission:
To conduct the business of DK Group so as to maintain our reputation for credibility and integrity with our clients, vendors, and employees.
To provide customized sourcing and logistics solutions to global clients having unique requirements. To achieve consistent high quality levels and on-time delivery schedules, through a team of committed personnel and a proven set of vendors with World Class, systematic manufacturing facilities.
To open window for new avenue of business diversity. Our business research and development team always keen to deal new type of product apart from garments and textile items.
Certification and Award: ISO 9002-2000.,WRAP -2009
History of the Company:
Dk textile of Industries Company beginning in the 1998 Dk textile has earned unrivalled success & remarkable distinction in the field of ready-made garments
Banking Information:
Bank used for L.C
a) Jamuna Bank Ltd.
b) Mercantile Bank Ltd.
c) Dhaka Bank Ltd.
d) Pubali Bank Ltd
e) Agrani Bank Ltd.
ASSOCIATED COMPANY:
Dk. Collection Limited
Dk. Textile Limited
Dk. Sweater Limited
Dk. Printing Limited
Dk. Design Limited
Dk. Group Inc.
Building : 5 Strayed building
Land Area : 12,500 Sq ft
Floor Area : Ground Floor = 12000 Sq ft => Dying and Finishing Section
1st Floor = 10,500 Sq ft => Knitting Section
2nd Floor = 10,500 Sq ft => Cutting Section
3rd Floor = 10,500 Sq ft => Sewing Section
4th Floor = 10,500 Sq ft => Sewing Section
5th Floor = 10,500 Sq f t=> Others Room
Production Capacity : 45,000 Pcs Basic T-Shirt / Daily
Chapter # 2
MANPOWER
Management System:
The company has skilled administration, management and marketing team guided by proficient, dexterous & experienced leaders to offer right solution for the consumers with the right eminence & with the shortest lead-time for the export market in Bangladesh.
The best use of continuous development of human resources by providing them International standard equal opportunity is the keys for achieving comprehensive competence in all level of the organizational hierarchy.
Shift: 2 shifts per 24 hours.
| Shift | Duration |
| Day(A)
Night(B) |
9.00am-9.00pm
9.00pm-9.00am |
Total Manpower & Section-wise Manpower:
Total Manpower of Dk Textile : 2024
Knitting section:
Shift-A: 26
Shift-B: 20
Dyeing Section:
Shift-A: 55
Shift-B: 45
Dyeing Lab:
Shift-A: 08
Shift-B: 07
Finishing & QC:
Shift-A: 60
Shift-B: 48
Grey fabric Store:
Shift-A: 30
Shift-B: 26
Chemical Store:
Shift-A: 10
Shift-B: 08
Finish Fabric Store:
Shift-A: 15
Shift-B: 12
Garments Sample Section:
Shift-A:55
Shift-B:50
Garments Bulk Production Section
Shift-A:710
Shift-B:675
Maintenance:
Shift-A: 24
Shift-B: 17
Utility:
Shift-A: 06
Shift-B: 06
General Staff:
Shift-A: 40
Shift-B: 16
Others:55
DK Textile limited Management Organnogram
Director
Production Director
Production Manager
Assistant General Manager
Quality Manager
Admin Manager
Admin
Assistant Admin
Line Chip
Superviser
Quality Controller
Operator
Helper
Labor
Different Department:
Knitting section
Dyeing section
Finishing section
Quality control section
Garments section
Maintenance section-
KNITTING SECTION\
Process Definition:
The fundamental unit of a knitted fabric is the loop. Any circular knitted fabric is composed of row after row of intermeshed loops. Different types of fabric are made of different method of intermeshing the loops. The gross dimension of knitted fabric is simply a reflection of any shape & size of individual loops. There are several key variables in the production which affect the average shape & size of the loops. After knitting the greige fabric is dyed to required shade & finished to required weight & width.
Classification of knitting:
Knitting
Warp knitting Weft Knitting
Circular Knitting Flat Knitting
Single Jersey Double Jersey
Machine List of Knitting Section in Dk :
| Machine name | Machine Quantity |
| Circular Knitting(Single jersey) m/c | 10 |
| Circular Knitting(Rib) m/c | 5 |
| Grey Fabric Inspection m/c | 1 |
Specification of Circular Knitting Machine:
Machine no-01
M/c type: Single jersey
Brand name: Lisky
Origin: Taiwan
Cam Box: 84
Cylinder Dia: 24
Gauge: 24
Needle: 2112
Net wt: 2310 kg
Safety rpm: 37
Date of manufacturing: 2007
Machine no-02
M/c type: Single jersey
Brand name: Lisky
Origin: Taiwan
Cam Box: 84
Cylinder Dia: 24
Gauge: 24
Needle: 2112
Net wt: 2310 kg
Safety rpm: 37
Date of manufacturing: 2007
Machine no-03
M/c type: Single jersey
Brand name: Lisky
Origin: Taiwan
Cam Box: 74
Cylinder Dia: 25
Gauge: 24
Needle: 1872
Net wt: 2310 kg
Safety rpm: 28
Machine no-04
M/c type: Single jersey
Brand name: Lisky
Origin: Taiwan
Cam Box: 78
Cylinder Dia: 26
Gauge: 24
Needle: 1944
Net wt: 2310 kg
Safety rpm: 34
Date of manufacturing: 2006
Machine no-05
M/c type: Single jersey
Brand name: Lisky
Origin: Taiwan
Cam Box: 90
Cylinder Dia: 30
Gauge: 20
Needle: 1872
Net wt: 2310 kg
Safety rpm: 30
Date of manufacturing: 2006
Machine no-06
M/c type: Single jersey
Brand name: Lisky
Origin: Taiwan
Cam Box: 90
Cylinder Dia: 30
Gauge: 20
Needle: 1872
Net wt: 2310 kg
Safety rpm: 30
Date of manufacturing: 2006
Machine no-07
M/c type: Single jersey
Brand name: Lisky
Origin: Taiwan
Cam Box: 144
Cylinder Dia: 36
Gauge: 24
Needle: 2712
Net wt: 2850 kg
Safety rpm: 25
Date of manufacturing: 2006
Machine no-08
M/c type: Single jersey
Brand name: Lisky
Origin: Taiwan
Cam Box: 144
Cylinder Dia: 36
Gauge: 24
Needle: 2712
Net wt: 2850 kg
Safety rpm: 25
Date of manufacturing: 2006
Machine no-09
M/c type: Single jersey
Brand name: Lisky
Origin: Taiwan
Cam Box: 144
Cylinder Dia: 36
Gauge: 24
Needle: 2712
Net wt: 2850 kg
Safety rpm: 25
Date of manufacturing: 2006
Machine no-10
M/c type: Single jersey
Brand name: Lisky
Origin: Taiwan
Cam Box: 80
Cylinder Dia: 40
Gauge: 18
Needle: 2356
Net wt: 2290 kg
Safety rpm: 28
Machine no-11
M/c type: Rib
Brand name: Lisky
Origin: Taiwan
Cam Box: 72
Cylinder Dia: 36
Gauge: 18
Needle: 1800
Net wt: 2310 kg
Safety rpm: 28
Date of manufacturing: 2006
Machine no-12
M/c type: Rib
Brand name: Lisky
Origin: Taiwan
Cam Box: 72
Cylinder Dia: 36
Gauge: 18
Needle: 1800
Net wt: 2310 kg
Safety rpm: 28
Date of manufacturing: 2006
Machine no-13
M/c type: Rib
Brand name: Lisky
Origin: Taiwan
Cam Box: 84
Cylinder Dia: 38
Gauge: 18
Needle: 2112
Net wt: 2310 kg
Safety rpm: 37
Date of manufacturing: 2006
Machine no-14
M/c type: Rib
Brand name: Lisky
Origin: Taiwan
Cam Box: 80
Cylinder Dia: 40
Gauge: 18
Needle: 2356
Net wt: 2290 kg
Safety rpm: 28
Date of manufacturing: 2006
Machine no-15
M/c type: Rib
Brand name: Lisky
Origin: Taiwan
Cam Box: 84
Cylinder Dia: 42
Gauge: 18
Needle: 2376
Net wt: 2310 kg
Safety rpm: 28
Date of manufacturing: 2006
Others Machines in Knitting Section:
01. Gray Fabric Inspection M/c
Brand: Uzu cloth inspection machine
Manufacturer: AATPR INDUSTRY CO.LTD.
Model: UZ – 900-3
Origin: Thailand.
02. Electric Balance for Fabric Weight.
03. Electric Balance for GSM check.
Pictures of Knitting Machine of Dk :
|
Rib Circular Knitting m/c
DIFFERENT PARTS OF KNITTING MACHINE
Creel: Creel is used to place the cone.
Feeder: Feeder is used to feed the yarn.
Tensioning device: Tensioning device is used to give proper tension to the yarn.
VDQ pulley: VDQ pulley is used to control the GSM by controlling the stitch length.
Guide: Guide is used to guide the yarn.
Sensor: Sensor is used to seen & the machine stops when any problem occurs.
Spreader: Spreader is used to spread the knitted fabric before take up roller.
Take up roller: Take up roller is used to take up the fabric
Fixation feeder: These types of feeder are used in Electrical Auto Striper Knitting Machineto feed the yarn at specific finger.
Rethom: These devise are used in Electrical Auto Striper Knitting machine
PROCESS FLOW CHART OF KNITTING:
Yarn in cone form
Feeding the yarn cone in the creel
Feeding the yarn in the feeder via trip-tape positive feeding arrangement and Tension device.
Knitting
Withdraw the rolled fabric and weighting
Inspection
Numbering
RAW MATERIALS USE FOR KNITTING:
| Type of yarn | Count |
| Cotton Yarn | 16s ,20s, 22s, 24s, 26S, 28S, 30S, 34S, 40S |
| Polyester Yarn | 75D, 100D,150D |
| Spandex yarn | 20D,40D,70D |
| Grey Mellange (C-90% V-10%) | 20S ,22S ,24S, 26S ,30S ,34S |
| PC (65%Polyester & 35% cotton) | 24S, 26S, 28S, 30S |
| CVC | 24S, 26S, 28S, 30S |
FAULTS, CAUSES & THEIR REMEDIES IN KNITTING:
1. Hole Mark
Causes:
Ø Holes are the results of yarn breakage or yarn cracks.
Ø During loop formation the yarn breaks in the rejoin of the needle hook.
Ø If the yarn count is not correct on regarding structure, gauge, course and density.
Ø Badly knot or splicing.
Ø Yarn feeder badly set.
Remedies:
Ø Yarn strength must be sufficient to withstand the stretch as well as uniform.
Ø Use proper count of yarn.
Ø Correctly set of yarn feeder.
Ø Knot should be given properly.
2. Needle Mark
Causes:
Ø When a needle breaks down then needle mark comes along the fabrics.
Ø If a needle or needle hook is slightly bends then needle mark comes on the fabrics.
Remedies:
Ø Needle should be straight as well as from broken latch.
3. Sinker Mark
Causes:
Ø When sinker corrode due to abrasion then some times cannot hold a new loop as a result sinker mark comes.
Ø If sinker head bend then sinker mark comes.
Remedies:
Ø Sinker should be changed.
4. Star
Causes:
Ø Yarn tension variation during production.
Ø Buckling of the needle latch.
Ø Low G.S.M fabric production.
Remedies:
Ø Maintain same Yarn tension during production.
Ø Use good conditioned needles.
5. Drop Stitches
Causes:
Ø Defective needle.
Ø If yarn is not properly fed during loop formation i.e. not properly laid on to the needle hook.
Ø Take-down mechanism too loose.
Ø Insufficient yarn tension.
Ø Badly set yarn feeder.
Remedies:
Ø Needle should be straight & well.
Ø Proper feeding of yarn during loop formation.
Ø Correct take up of the fabric & correct fabric tension.
Ø Yarn tension should be properly.
6. Oil stain
Causes:
Ø When oil lick through the needle trick then it pass on the fabrics and make a line.
Remedies:
Ø Ensure that oil does not pass on the fabrics.
Ø Well maintenance as well as proper oiling.
DYEING SECTION
Dyeing Machine Specification:
Machine no-01
| Machine name : DILMENLER |
| Origin :Turkiy |
| Capacity : 512 kg |
| Max. working Temperature : 135°C |
| Max. Liquor Capacity : 10200 liter |
| Working Pressure : 0.35 Mpa |
| Test pressure : 0.55 Mpa |
| Year of Construction : 2006 |
Machine no-02
| Machine name : DILMENLER |
| Origin :Turkiy |
| Capacity : 512 kg |
| Max. working Temperature : 140°C |
| Max. Liquor Capacity : 10250 liter |
| Working Pressure : 0.35 Mpa |
| Test pressure : 0.55 Mpa |
| Year of Construction : 2006 |
Machine no-03
| Machine name : DILMENLER |
| Origin :Turkiy |
| Capacity : 250 kg |
| Max. working Temperature : 140°C |
| Max. Liquor Capacity : 6605 liter |
| Working Pressure : 0.35 Mpa |
| Test pressure : 0.55 Mpa |
| Year of Construction : 2006 |
Machine no-04
| Machine name : DILMENLER |
| Origin :Turkiy |
| Capacity : 250 kg |
| Max. working Temperature : 140°C |
| Max. Liquor Capacity : 6605 liter |
| Working Pressure : 0.35 Mpa |
| Test pressure : 0.55 Mpa |
| Year of Construction : 2006 |
Machine No : 05
Machine Name (Functional) : Sample Dyeing Machine
Brand Name : BANGLA
Model Name : BANGLA
Country Name : BANGLADESHI
Year of Manufacture : 2003
No of Nozzle : 01 Max capacity : 20kg
Loading capacity : 15-16 kg
Max work temp : 140c
Machine No : 06
Machine Name (Functional) : Sample Dyeing Machine
Brand Name : BANGLA
Model Name : BANGLA
Country Name : BANGLADESHI
Year of Manufacture : 2003
No of Nozzle : 01 Max capacity : 10 kg
Loading capacity : 8kg
Max work temp : 140°c
Machine No : 06
Model : DNBS-1600
Machine Name (Functional) : Squeezing Machine
Manufacturer’s Name : DONGNAM
Manufacturing Country : KOREA
Year of Manufacture : 2006
M/c speed : 80 m/min
M/c dia : 62 inch
Max over feed : 20%
Machine No : 07
Model : DNTD-2400
Machine Name (Functional) : TENSIONLESS DRYER
Manufacturer’s Name : DONGNAM
Manufacturing Country : KOREA
Year of Manufacture : 2001
Chamber : 4
Burner : 4
Blower : 3
Max width : 119 inch
M/c speed : 55 m/min
Max over feed : 40%
Max burner temp : 180°c
Min burner temp : 105°c
Prod/shift : 8 tons/day
Machine No : 8
Model : BM-1004360/PK 11/ FOLDING
Machine Name (Functional) : Compacting Machine
Manufacturer’s Name : Tubetex
Manufacturing Country : U .S. A.
Year of Manufacture : 2006
M/c speed : 60 m/min (max)
M/c speed : 15 m/min (min)
Max width : 60inch
Min width : 16 inch
Max overfeed : 130%
Min overfeed : 105%
Prod/shift : 12 tons/day
Machine No : 09
Machine Name (Functional) : Turning Machine
Brand Name : DONGNAM
Model Name : DNAT-400
Country Name : KOREA
Year of Manufacture : 2006
Raising m/c – 01(Single drum)
Brand name – Lafer
Country – Italy
Cylinder – 1
Drum Speed – 110
Drum Dia – 68 inch
Machine Speed – 40 m/min
Pile Roller – 12
Counter Pile Roller – 12
Manufacturing Year –2002
Raising m/c-02(Double drum)
Brand name – Lafer
Country – Italy
Cylinder- 2
Drum Speed – 110
Drum Dia – 68 inch
Machine Speed – 40 m/min
Pile Roller – 24
Counter Pile Roller – 24
Manufacturing Year –2002
Picture of Raising Machine :
|
No.Of Sueding m/c: 01
Brand name : Lafer
Country :Italy
Cylinder :1
Company name : SPA Machine Tessili
Model : GSI 106
Drum Speed : 110
Drum Dia : 72 inch
Machine Speed : 40 m/min
Manufacturing Year :2006
Different parts of compacting m/c :
Fig: Feed zone of Compactor Fig: Delivery zone of Compactor
Control board (computerized) Takeout roller Conveyor belt
Fig: Tube tex Compactor Machine.
GARMENTS
General working Procedure of DK TEXTILE LTD.
Order Collection
Merchandising Yarn Selection
Yarn Quantity
Trimmings
Embroidery
Yarn Purchase
Knitting
Dyeing
|
Cutting
Sewing
Finishing
Packing
Shipment
Garments Cutting Section
Fabric cutting:
The definition of fabric is very complex. In garments industries fabric is cut from lay and spreading accuracy and properly which is termed as fabric cutting.
Flow chart of cutting section:
Fabric checking
Fabric spreading according to the quantity
Marker making
Cutting
Serial given by number sticker
Deliver into sewing section
Requirements of fabric cutting:
§ in cutting
§ Precession of cut
- Clean edge
- Infused edge
- Consistency
- Support of the lay
Method of fabric cutting:
There are three method of cutting are follows:
1. Manual
v Hand operated scissor.
2. Manually operated power knife
v Straight knife
v Band knife
v Round knife
v Die knife
v Notcher
v Drill
3. Computerized
v Knife
v Laser
v water knife
v Plasma torc
Spreading
Spreading means the smooth laying out of the fabric in superimposed layers of specific length. The cutting marker paper is laid in the top of the fabric layers. The maximum width of the cutting marker constrained by the usable width of the fabric. During spreading number of the plies should be not more than three hundreds. The number of lay depends on the thickness of the fabric and the height of the knife.
In DK TEXTILE industry use straight method for spreading .It is the most common method for Bangladeshi garments.
Straight method:
Every ply is placed according to the marker length. It is most common of the garments are used this type of ply.
Features of Straight knife:
1. Possible to cut pattern pieces directly from the fabric lays.
2. Could be used to cut for higher depth of fabric.
3. High cutting speed.
4. Sharp and heavy corners can be cut.
5. Blade could be sharpened by attached grinding facilities.
6. Blade height 10 to 33cm.
7 .Blade stroke 2.5cm to 4.5cm.
.
M/C Specification:
Auto Spreader (4):
M/C No.: 01
Brand Name: Jutex
Country: Germany
Year of Manufacturing: 2006
M/C No.: 02
Brand Name: Gerber
Country: Germany
Year of Manufacturing: 2006
M/C No.: 03
Brand Name: Gerber
Country: Germany
Year of Manufacturing: 2007
M/C No.: 04
Brand Name: Gerber
Country: Germany
Year of Manufacturing: 2006
Hand Cutter (20):
Brand Name: Mack (10)
Country: Japan
Speed: 3000/3600
Volt: 220
Frequency: 50/60 Hz
Phase:1
Blade: Straight bar blade
Brand Name: Blue Streak (10)
Country: USA
Speed: 2850
Volt: 220
Frequency: 50Hz
Phase:1
Blade: Straight bar blade
Auto Cutter (1):
Brand Name: Gerber
Country: Germany
Sewing Section
Sewing
Joining the fabric by the use of needle and thread is called sewing. Sewing section is the biggest section in a garments industry. It is a universal and widely used method of joining fabric. The main purpose of sewing is to produce seam.
Flow chart process of sewing section
Receive bundle of various parts from cutting section
Place it in the end of the line to a helper
Open the bundle
Through it to sewing
Sewing
Finished sewing
Inspection
Send to finishing section
Seam
A line along which two or more fabrics are joined by sewing, fusion, and gluing, stapling or alternative method is termed as seam. Usually near edge of sewn fabric pieces.
Needle
Needle is used to sew the fabric by thread.
Function of Needle
To make a hole in the fabric without damaging the threads of the fabric
To make a needle thread loop.
To pass the needle thread loop through the loop of the lopper thread.
Name of Needle used in DK TEXTILE LTD.
Machine Name Needle for m/c Needle Size
Plain M/c DB 7, 9,11,14,18
Over lock M/c DC 7, 9, 11, 14
Flat Lock M/c UY128 7.9,11,14,16
Button Hole M/c DP x 5 9, 11, 14
Button attach M/c TQ 9, 11, 14
Computer button attach DP x 17 9, 11, 14
Kasai UOX1 9, 11, 14
Feed of the arm TV64\9 9, 11, 14
Some information for needle:
Company Name : Organ
Origin : Japan
Price : 10-30TK (Per needle)
Broken needle policy:
1. If any needle breaks down in the time of work then broken part and needle change from needle man with a new needle.
2. If worker do not find out the broken part then worker inform to supervisor.
3. If worker do not find out broke part then the garment will be reject. Because that garment can be contain this broken part.
Plan of needle policy:
1. Worker should be carefully in time of sewing.
2. Needle selection should be correct.
3. Correct fabric tension and thread tension.
4. Proper needle setting in sewing machine.
Sewing layout of a Men’s T-shirt
Join Parts Name Machine layout
|
Shoulder joining
|
Rib making
|
Neck joining
|
Tape joining
|
Neck tope seam
|
Tape tope seam
|
||||
Main & size label joining
|
Sleeve joining
|
||||
Arm hole tope seam
|
Side seam
|
||||
Sleeve Tuck
|
Sleeve hem
|
Bottom hem
|
|||
Flag label joining
Finished garments
Sewing fault
| Fault description | Category |
| Open seam | Major |
| Raw material/ shades/ wrong side | Major |
| Oil or Dirt stains | Minor |
| Holes in material | Major |
| Measurement out of range | Major |
| Wrong size label | Major |
| Missing trim | Major |
| Wrong trim | Major |
| Uneven stitch line or parts | Major |
| Loose / skip stitches | Major |
| Uncut thread | Minor |
| SPI not correct | Major |
| Uneven shoulder length | Major/Minor |
| Rib shading | Major/Minor |
| Stripe Mismatch | Major/Minor |
| Irregular bottom hem | Major/Minor |
| Wrong Placket shape | Major/Minor |
| Poor joints | Major/Minor |
| Raw edges | Major/Minor |
| Seam Puckering | Major/Minor |
| Wrong button/Hole placement | Major/Minor |
| Uneven sleeve length | Major |
| Back neck tape uneven | Major/Minor |
Name of sewing m/c: Which are used in sewing section
- Plain m/c
- Over lock m/c
- Flat lock m/c
- Kansai m/c
- Chain stitch m/c
- Vertical m/c
- Two needle m/c
- Feed off the Arm m/c
- Zigzag m/c
- Bar tack m/c
- Button Holing m/c
- Button attach m/c
- Snap Button attach m/c
- Eyelate hole m/c
Description of this machines are bellow:
1. Plain m/c:
Properties:
Ø One needle
Ø Two tensioners
Ø Three guide
Ø One hook
Ø Two thread
Ø One bobbin case
Ø One magnate guide
Applications:
correctly, bar tacking can help support loads of up to 400 pounds (almost 200 kilograms). Many backpacking companies in particular pride themselves on the number of bar tacks integrated into their products, claiming that they will wear harder and longer than the competition
Ø Bottom hemming
Ø Belt top seem stitch
Ø Belt joint stitch
Ø Loop tack stitch
Ø Pocket joint stitch
Ø Jipper joint
Ø Flap make
Ø Flap top stitch
Ø Flap joint
Ø Fly top stitch
Ø Flap 1/4 stitch
Ø Front rise stitch
Ø Back rise stitch
2 Over lock m/c
Overlook stitching was invented by the Merrow Machine Company in 1881.
An overlook stitch sews over the edge of one or two pieces of cloth for edging, hemming or seaming. Usually an overlook sewing machine will cut the edges of the cloth as they are fed through (such machines are called ‘sergers’), though some are made without cutters. The inclusion of automated cutters allows overlook machines to create finished seams easily and quickly.
Properties:
Ø 5 thread
Ø 4 tensioner
Ø 2 knifes (up / down)
Ø 2 needle for 5 thread
Ø 1 needle for 3 thread
Ø 3 looper for 5 thread
Ø 2 looper for 3 thread
Applications:
Ø Over lock stitch
3 Bar tack m/c
Bar tacking is accomplished by sewing a very tight zigzag stitch across the width of the material. In some cases, the manufacturer may go over the bar tacking again, causing the stitch to have an x-like form. Usually, very strong threads are chosen for bar tacking so that they will stand up to high pressure. When done
Applications:
Ø To created barack stitches in garments.
Bar tacking is a specialized sewing stitch designed to provide Immense tensile strength to the garment or equipment it is used on. Bar tacking is commonly used on backpacks, tents, tactical gear, and other heavy wear sewn items where normally sewn stitches might give way at a crucial moment. In general, bar tacking is a sign of good quality, although the rest of the product should always be looked over carefully as well. When a sewing pattern calls for bar tacking, it indicates that the designer feels that section of the pattern is a critical area that needs extra reinforcement and following areas it can used.
Ø Loop attach
Ø Fly make
Ø Pocket side
Ø Front side
Ø Back pocketing
Ø zipper lay
Ø In seem
4. Flat lock m/c
Ø 4 tensioner
Ø 3 thread
Ø Contain a holder
Ø 2 needle
Applications:
Ø Zigzag stitch
Ø Knit hemming
Ø Loop making
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