MAHA CHAAR A WA Position In McCourt v Cranston,[1] the WA Court of Appeal in considering the effect of Jireh stated that: None of the statements in Paribas, Toll, Wilkie or Ansett were preceded by a qualification that a contract ...

iv Intermediate Courts New South Wales has been the most proactive in expressing the view that ambiguity is no longer required to admit extrinsic evidence.[1] [2] In Franklins Pty Ltd v Metcash Trading Ltd36 all three members of the NSW ...

MAHA CHAAR iii Subsequent High Court Authorities Since 2000, a series of construction contract appeal decisions were handed down by the High Court that had not mentioned any need to satisfy the 'true rule'.8 A Maggbury v Hafele Australia In ...

MAHA CHAAR The crucial question of whether, or more accurately ‘to what extent’, evidence of surrounding circumstances is admissible to assist in the construction or interpretation of contracts is still a live issue.[1] [2] First, it is necessary to examine ...

MAHA CHAAR Over time there has been some judicial confusion as to when objective surrounding circumstances may be taken into account to assist in the construction of terms. The nature of the objective approach has meant that on occasion, courts ...

A/64/452-RES 64/117 COMMENTS FROM KENYA The principle of universal jurisdiction is classically defined as ‘a legal principle allowing or requiring a state to bring criminal proceedings in respect of certain crimes irrespective of the location of the crime and the ...

UNIVERSAL JURISDICTION Unlike the territorial principle where jurisdiction is assumed based on the place where the crime is committed, the protective principle which permits jurisdiction to be assumed when the interest of the state is threatened, Nationality principle which looks ...

Typosquatting – where a person registers a domain name similar to a real domain name, but with a typo, in hopes that web surfers reach it by accident. These sites are usually filled with paid advertising links that generate revenue for ...

Copyright laws protect original works, but not ideas or facts. The Copyright Act of 1976 grants exclusive rights to the copyright holder. A copyright protects original works such as: literary works, musical works, dramatic works, pantomimes & choreographed works, pictorial, ...

A trademark is a word, name, symbol, device, or combination of, used by someone to identify his product. Trademarks arise from ‘use’ and do not have to be registered to be considered trademarked. There are good reasons to register a trademark ...