Issues and Problems of Public Personnel Management in Bangladesh

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Issues and Problems of Public Personnel Management in Bangladesh.

01. Introduction

Though the present structure of policing in Bangladesh bears much of the British heritage, it has long history which started in the ancient period and ran through the middle age to the British and finally to the present time, having a lot of changes and developments. The basic truth is that police is made to revolve around the principles of imperial power in the sub-continent. There were a lot of changes in police structure but no qualitative changes in the function of police. Therefore, this fact has to be considered while explaining the relationship between police and public in Bangladesh. There had not been any changes of this philosophy during the Pakistan Period.

The British colonial heritage is still very often reflected in the administrative structures, behaviors, laws and regulations of the police forces of Bangladesh. Trace of this inherited colonial heritage is also to be found in the criminal justice systems of our country. The Police Act, 1861 and the revised The Police Act, 1902-1903 are effective till the date. The non-military nature of this Act and the accountability of police to civil administration have not been changed. The history and heritage of Bangladesh Police is marked by the blend of the traits of colonial-imperial rule and the system of internal security of a feudal society. A policeman of an independent country should be a craftsman in uniform who will be a social regulator directed by the laws of the country and a custodian of social discipline. It is the expectations of all that the hopes and inspirations of the population should be reflected in the activities of police.

02. A Brief History of Bangladesh Police

Bangladesh Police has an ancient history and heritage. The Policing system in the region can be traced before the period of Emperor Chandra Gupta Maurya (297 B.C.). In the medieval period, the policing system introduced by Pathan ruler Sher Shah Suri, was further organized during the period of Mughal Emperor Akbar, the great. The emperor organized his administrative structure introducing Fouzdari (the principal representative of the Emperor), Mir Adal and Kazi (the head of judicial department) and Kotwal (the chief police official of larger cities).The ‘Kotwali’police system was implemented in Dhaka City. Many district sadar police stations are still called Kotwali police stations. In the middle of the 18^th century, with the fall of Mughal Empire to Britsh colonial rule the old policing system ended. The British Colonial Government then reformed the Police system in this Sub-Continent and consequently in 1861 the British Parliament passed a bill (Police Act, 1861) for creating a Police force for each province of British India and then the Village Chaukidar system was introduced to assist the police department at the grass root level. Administration of the force of a province was vested in an Officer styled as the Inspector General of Police. Subsequently, with the materialization of the recommendations made by the Police Commissions of 1847, 1902 and 1923 the present structure of the police administration came into being. After partition in 1947 the Police Force created renamed as East Pakistan Police and continued to function as a Provincial Police Force till December, 1971. With the independence on December, 16^th of 1971, the Bangladesh Police Force assumed the role of a National Police Force. Bangladesh Police, besides other minor laws, operate under the umbrella of three major laws namely Penal Code, Criminal Procedure Code and Evidence Act enacted in 1860, 1898 and 1872 respectively.

The most glorious chapter of the history of Bangladesh Police is that Bangla speaking members of our police participated along with the citizens in our Independence War. On the night of 25^th March, when the occupation Army started Military action force with their out-dated 303 rifles put up the first armed resistance at Rararjabagh Police Lines, Dhaka. Large number of Policemen sacrificed their lives in the war of liberation.

In 1972 the number of police was increased by recruiting officers and staff of different ranks. Dhaka Metropolitan Police and Armed Police Battalion were raised in 1976. Twelve women police were recruited in the Special Branch for the first time in 1974. Women police were recruited for Dhaka Metropolitan Police in 1978. The positions of the circle Inspector and the Officer-in-Charge were enhanced to ASP and Inspector respectively. According to the recommendations of the Committee formed in 1988headed by Justice Aminul Islam, the post of Additional IGP was created and the number of different police units like police stations, investigation centers and the numbers of police force were increased. Recently (2004) Rapid Action Battalions (RAB) has been raised comprising the members of Armed Forces, Police, BDR and Ansars. The dresses of police have been changed according to The Dress rules, 2004. With this the century-emblem of police came to an end.

03. Vision of Bangladesh Police

To provide service to all citizens and make Bangladesh a better and safer place to live and work.

04. Mission of Bangladesh Police

To uphold the rule of law

· To ensure safety and security of citizens

· To prevent and detect crime

· To bring offenders to justice

· To maintain peace and public order

05. Objectives of the Study

The objectives of Field Study on Bangladesh Police are:

· To find out the structural problems of Bangladesh police

· To know about the personnel planning and promotion process

· To find out the problems in training process

· To find out the way through which the police administration can be made effective and service oriented

· To define the real role of Police Force to the society

06. Significance in terms of Bangladesh’s needs

In a developing country like Bangladesh, every operational organ of government is very important for socio-economic development. Bangladesh needs strong and effective administrative structure and operational process in every government organs for rapid economic progress. But few of government organizations can not make expected contribution in this regard due to existing structural problems. The problems should be removed by identifying with systematic method for the sack of development of the country. With a systematic study, the root problems of an organization can be pointed out in this regard. In this sense, the field study conducted by the MSS students is very important in the context of Bangladesh.

They conduct the field study on different Government Organizations in administration view point covering Personnel Panning, Promotion, Training, Disciplinary Procedure and Organizational Arrangement which are very important areas of an organization. They use Public Administration and Management knowledge in finding out the root problem of concerned organization. All the findings may be responsive to the attempts of making effective of the concerned organization. So, the field study conducted by the MSS students of Public administration under the compulsory coursePA-403, titled:

Issues and Problems of Public Personnel Management in Bangladesh has a profound significance in the context of Bangladesh.

07. Functions of Bangladesh Police

Bangladesh Police consists of several branches lie CID, SB, DB, RAB etc. Each branch has its own duties and functions. But the ultimate goal of the Bangladesh Police is to elevate the sense of security of the people that is essential for the socio-economic development of the country. The common functions of Bangladesh Police are as follows:

· Upholding the rule of law

· Maintaining law and order and ensuring peace and harmony in the community in collaboration with the people

· Prevention and detection of crime and bringing to justice who breaks the law

· Safe guarding and protecting life and property of the citizens

· Meeting the crime and socio-order needs through the Community Policing and working in partnership with and other agencies

· Render necessary assistance in cases of disaster like accident, earthquake, cyclone, flood etc.

With a view to achieving the goals and objectives, Bangladesh Police has been doing its duties with integrity, courage and professionalism. It is making continuous effort to improve the quality of service.

08. Employment Size

At present the total strength of Bangladesh Police is 1, 23,197 as against the population of about one hundred and forty millions approximately. With this population the ratio of people and population stands at 1:1138 compared to 1:728 in India, 1:665 in Philippines, 1:625 in Pakistan, 1:228 in Thailand. The total strength of Bangladesh Police is shown in the following table:

Table-1

Strength of Bangladesh Police

(Quota in RAB and Training Reserve included)

Sl.	Rank	Number
1	Inspector General(IG)	1
2	Additional Inspector General(Addl. IG)	11
3	Deputy Inspector General(DIG)	26
4	Additional Deputy Inspector General (Addl. DIG)	28
5	Superintendent of Police (SP)	186
6	Additional Superintendent of Police(Addl. SP)	232
7	Senior Assistant Superintendent of Police (Sr. ASP)	210
8	Assistant Superintendent of police(ASP)	844
9	Inspector	2307
10	Sub-Inspector (SI)	10,850
11	Sub-Inspector(TR)	254
12	Town Sub Inspector (TSI)	107
13	Sergeant	1,213
14	Assistant Sub Inspector (ASI)	6,623
15	Head Constable (Armed)	5,000
16	Head Constable (Unarmed)	1,587
17	Naik	5,784
18	Constable	87,934
		1,23,197

\

Source:www.police.gov.bd

09. Cost of Personnel Services

Bangladesh government has a separate expenditure for Police Department. Every fiscal year, there is a specific allotment for Bangladesh Police under the Home Ministry. Bangladesh government gives the allotment for Bangladesh Police for the following areas:

· Salary of the police personnel and other employees of the Department

· Vehicles-Van, Lorry, Jeep, Pick-up, Truck, Ambulance, Bike, Bus, boat, Private Car for officers etc.

· Equipments like-gun, computer, walkie-talkie, dress, batons, tear gas cell etc.

· Training

· Ration for police personnel

· Accommodation

· Risk allowance

· Health allowance

· Others

The following table shows year-wise budget for Police Department

Table-2

Fiscal Year	Amount in Tk.	Increase than previous year in Tk.	Increase in %
2001-02	897,11,11,000	8,14,45,000	0.92
2002-03	939,22,71,000	42,11,60,000	4.96
203-04	1184,23,09,000	245,00,38,000	26.09
2004-05	1670,87,81,000	486,64,72,000	41.09
2005-06	1899,27,48,000	228,39,67,000	13.67
2006-07	1905,88,74,000	6,61,26,00	0.35

Source: Progress in four and half years, Home Ministry

Monthly Rations and Price (Inspector to IGP)

Table-3

One Member

Sl.	Goods	Quantity (kg)	Price per kg (kg)	Total Price (kg)
1.	Rice	10.320	1.80	18.58
2.	Wheat	8.520	1.50	12.78
3.	Sugar	1.700	3.22	5.47
4.	Soyabin oil	2.340	7.99	18.70
5.	Dal	3.270	1.20	3.92
Total				59.45

Two Members

Sl.	Goods	Quantity (kg)	Price per kg. (kg)	Total Price (Tk)
1	Rice	20.640	1.80	37.15
2	Wheat	17.040	1.50	25.56
3	Sugar	3.400	3.22	10.95
4	Soyabin Oil	4.680	7.99	37.39
5	Dal	6.540	1.20	7.85
Total				118.90

Three Members

Sl.	Goods	Quantity (kg)	Price per kg(Tk)	Total Price (Tk)
1	Rice	30.960	1.80	55.73
2	Wheat	25.560	1.50	38.34
3	Sugar	5.100	3.22	16.42
4	Soyabin Oil	7.020	7.99	56.09
5	Dal	9.810	1.20	11.77
Total				178.35

Four Members

Sl.	Goods	Quantity (kg)	Price per kg (Tk)	Total Price (Tk)
1	Rice	41.280	1.80	74.30
2	Wheat	34.080	1.50	51.12
3	Sugar	6.800	3.22	21.89
4	Soyabeen Oil	9.360	7.99	74.79
5	Dal	13.080	1.20	15.70
Total				237.80

Source: Police Headquarters

Monthly Rations and Price (Constable to Sub-Inspector)

Table-4

One Member

Goods	Quantity (kg)	Price per govt stock (Tk)	Price for the force per kg Tk.	Total Price (Tk.)
Rice	9.302	2.10	0.3215	3.00
Wheat	12.130	1.77	0.8145	9.88
Soyabeen Oil	1.866	Purchase through open tender	1.6077	3.00
Sugar	0.936	Purchase from sugar mill on mill rate	3.2154	3.00
Dal	3.263	Purchase through open tender	0.8144	2.66
Fuel	37.324	Purchase through open tender	0.1607	6.00
Dalda	0.467	Purchase through open tender	3.2119	1.50
Total				29.04

Two Members

Goods	Quantity (kg)	Price per kg. from govt. stock (TK.)	Price for the force per kg. TK.	Total Price (TK.)
Rice	12.130	2.10	1.0931	13.26
Wheat	15.862	1.77	1.0931	17.33
Soyabin Oil	2.362	Purchase through open tender	2.0228	5.65
Sugar	1.866	Purchase from sugar mill on mill rate	3.2154	6.00
Dal	4.656	Purchase through open tender	1.2111	5.65
Fuel	74.648	Purchase through open tender	9.1607	12.00
Dalda	0.467	Purchase through open tender	3.2119	1.50
Total				61.39

Three Members

Goods	Quantity (kg)	Price per kg. from govt. stock (TK.)	Price for the force per kg. TK.	Total Price (TK.)
Rice	16.330	2.10	1.0931	21.93
Wheat	20.995	1.77	1.0931	28.00
Soyabin Oil	2.800	Purchase through open tender	2.4222	9.04
Sugar	9.866	Purchase from sugar mill on mill rate	3.2154	6.00
Dal	6.532	Purchase through open tender	1.2002	8.96
Fuel	74.648	Purchase through open tender	1.1407	12.00
Dalda	0.467	Purchase through open tender	3.2119	1.50
Total				74.97

Four Members

Goods	Quantity (kg)	Price per kg. from govt. stock (TK.)	Price for the force per kg. TK.	Total Price (TK.)
Rice	20.062	2.10	1.0931	21.93
Wheat	25.661	1.77	1.0931	28.00
Soyabin Oil	3.732	Purchase through open tender	2.4222	9.04
Sugar	1.866	Purchase from sugar mill on mill rate	3.2154	6.00
Dal	7.465	Purchase through open tender	1.2002	8.96
Fuel	74.648	Purchase through open tender	1.1407	12.00
Dalda	0.467	Purchase through open tender	3.2119	1.50
Total				84.43

Soucrce: Police Headquarters

Salary structure of Bangladesh police:

Sl	Rank	Salary
1	Inspector General(IG)	23000(Selected)
2	Additional Inspector General (Addl. IG)	19300-700X4-22100
3	Deputy Inspector General(DIG)	16800-65 X 6-20700
4	Additional Deputy Inspector General (Addl. DIG)	15000-600 X 8-19800
5	Superintendent of Police (SP)	11000-475 X 14-17650
6	Additional Superintendent Police (Addl. SP)	6800-352 X-9075-EB-365 X 11-13090
7	Senior Assistant superintendent Police(Sr. ASP)	6800-325 X 7-9075-EB-365 X 11-13090
8	Assistant Superintendent Police(ASP)	6800-325 X 7-9075-EB-365 X 11-13090
9	Inspector	5100-280 X 7-7060-EB-300 X 11-10360
10	Sub-Inspector(SI)	4100 -230 X 7-5710-EB-250 X 11-12060
11	Sub-Inspector(TR)	4100 -230 X 7-5710-EB-250 X 11-12060
12	Town Sub-Inspector (TSI)	4100-230 X 7 – 5710 –EB -250 X 11 -1260
13	Sergeant	4100-230 X 7-5710–EB-250 X -11 – 12060
14	Assistant Sub-Inspector(ASI)	3100– 170 X 7- 4290 –EB -190 -6380
15	Head Constable(Armed)	3100 – 170 X 7 -4290 –E-190 X 6380
16	Head Constable(Unarmed)	3100-170 X 7– 4290 –EB-190 X 11 -6380
17	Naik	3000-150 X 7 – 4050 –EB -170 X11 -5920
18	Constable	2600-120X7-3480-EB-130 X – 4870
19	4th class civil personnel	2400-100 X 7– 3100–EB-110X11-4310

10. Institutional Arrangement

The Bangladesh police inherited an organizational structure which was based primarily on police Act, 1861. With the passage of time there have been substantial changes to this organizational set up. The superintendence of this police force rests with the government while its administration with inspector general of police. The inspector general of police as the head of the police force is responsible for the maintenance of law and order throughout the country and accountable to the government in this regard.

The whole police organization is divided into several field units with the thana (police station), investigation centers and outposts at the grass root level and the police headquarters at the apex. (Organogram-1)

Police Headquarters

The inspector general of police being the head of this organization is responsible to the government for the administration, operational efficiency and discipline of the force. The office of the inspector general was previously known as police directorate, but after the independence of the country it was re-designated as Police Headquarters. In police headquarters the IGP as assisted by 3 X additional inspector generals, 4 X deputy inspector generals and 16 X assistant inspector generals (SP) and other complementary staff. The police headquarters controls, coordinate and monitors police activities throughout the county. It comprises of three main divisions/branches;

1) administration, operation and discipline

2) finance and development and

3) Recruitment and training.

The functions of each of the divisions/branches are supervised by on additional inspector general. (Organogram-2)

Ranges

There are 6 ranges and each range is headed by one DIG. The superintendents of police are supervised by the range DIGs whose jurisdiction corresponds to the civil division. Each range DIG is (except sylhet) assisted by additional Deputy Inspector General of Police. They are all accountable to the inspector general of police.

Districts

The command and control of the police activities in the districts rest with the superintendent of police. Their territorial jurisdiction is conterminous with the district of the general administration.

Thanas (Police stations)

Police stations are the most important units and they occupy a unique position in the criminal administration within their respective jurisdictions. All information relating to the commissions of cognizable offences are to be recorded at the Police Stations. The investigations of the under direction of the Officer In-charge are launched by the Police Station Officers. They also initiate actions under preventive sections of law. The common people who fall victims of crime3s and in other matters come in frequent contact with the police at Police Stations for redress. In fact, Police Station is the starting point for all actions under the Criminal Procedure has vested the Officer In-Charge with wide legal powers to discharge his duties for the preservation of peace, prevention and detection of crime within the limit of his jurisdiction.

The size of the existing Police stations varies widely in respect of both area and population. The population and the area vary from 30,000 to 7, 00,000 and 30 sq. miles to 736 sq. miles respectively. Considering all these variables the strength of the Police stations has been enhanced.

Metropolitan Police

To deal with crimes and criminals and maintain law and order effectively four major cities Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna and Rajshahi were brought under separate Metropolitan Police Forces created under four different Metropolitan Ordinances. They are under the general command, control and supervision of IGP. The Police Commissioner of Dhaka Metropolitan Police is of the rank Additional Inspector General. Three Deputy Inspector Generals of Police head the other three Metropolitan Police. The Police Commissioners are assisted by Additional Police commissioners, Deputy Police Commissioners(SP), Additional Deputy Police Commissioners(Addl. SP), Assistant police Commissioners(ASP) and other officers of Subordinate ranks.(Organogram-4)

Railway Police

The Railway Police is named by personnel drawn from Police and their administrative, disciplinary and operational control rests with the Police Headquarters. The duties of the Railway Police as defined in the Railway Act and PRB include control of passenger and vehicular traffic inside the station premises, maintenances of order in stations, prevention and detection of crimes within the Railway jurisdiction. Cognizable cases are recorded at the Railway Police Station and the Officer In-charge of the PS arranges investigation of those cases. For policing purpose the country is divided into two Railway districts and each district is commanded by one SP. The GRP is headed by one Deputy Inspector General of but act in close co-ordination with the Railway Officials. There are a total of 24 Police Station and 32 outposts within railway jurisdiction through out the country.

(Organogram-3)

Detective Branches

To ensure proper investigation of heinous and sensational case which requires prolonged and sustained investigation Detective Branch has been created in each district and Metropolitan. The officers of the Detective Branch work under the district supervision of the SP of the districts and Deputy Police Commissioner/Addl. Deputy Commissioner of the Metropolitan.

§ Criminal Investigation Department(CID)

The main functions of CID are collection, collation and distribution of information including investigation of organized crimes, which are committed by the organized and professional inter-district criminals. The department functions through four branches namely investigation, Forensic Science Laboratory, Criminal Intelligence Bureau and Detective Training School. The CID provides scientific aids to the investigation and opinion on examination of exhibits in connection with criminal cases all over the country. It also runs a Detective Training School to improve the investigative quality and capability of the junior Police Officers. The Additional Inspector general of Police is the head of CID.

§ Special Branch

The Special Branch is a specialized unit and it is mainly responsible for security of the VVIP, VIP and Key Point Installations. It plays an important role in law and order administration by collection, collation and dissemination of intelligence on matters affecting the internal of the country. It also controls the entry of the foreigners through the check Posts and Air Ports.

§ Armed Police Battalion

The Armed Battalion is created under a Ordinance. This is the IGP’s reserve force. The main role of this force is to provide manpower support to the district and metropolitan police in the execution of duties and commitments during the time of emergencies. Deputy Inspector General of Police heads the Armed Police Battalion. (Organogram-5) Amongst its other functions during war time, it has to

– act as second line defense

– enhance the defense potentialities strength the security of the VVIP

§ Rapid Action Battalion (RAB)

Rapid action Battalion(RAB) was formed by amending ‘The Armed Police Battalion Ordinance 1979’ under control of Hone Ministry as a sister-organization of Bangladesh police aiming to maintaining more effectively the law and order situation of the country. It came out action through participating in parade show on the occasion of the National Independence Day; on 26 March 2004.RAB started its formally operational activities by playing role in ensuring safety observation of 1^st Boishakh, Bangla New Year, at Ramna Park in the same year. The Headquarters of RAB is at Kurmitlola in Dhaka. The designation of the head of RAB is Director General, equal status to Addl. IGP. Since its inception, it has been playing a vital role in maintaining law and order situation of Bangladesh. RAB is considered with personnel drawn from different forces. It is shown in the following table:

Table-6

Sl.	Forces	Percentage
1	Military Forces (Army, Navel & Air)	44%
2	Police Forces	44%
3	BDR	6%
4	Ansar	4%
5	Coast Guard	1%
6	Civil staff	1%

Sources: The Annual Report 2006

Bangladesh is divided into twelve operational areas for twelve operational Battalion or Units of RAB. The operational areas and the working-force of each Battalion or Unit are shown in the following table:

Table-7

Headquarters /Battaalions/units	Operational areas (districts/Thanas)	Strength
Headquarters	Dhaka	1384
RAB-1	Uttara, Airport, Turag, Gulshan, khilkhet & Badda Thana	638
RAB-2	Teijgaon, Hajaribag, Dhanmondi, New market, Mahammodpur, Adabor	653
RAB-3	Khilgaon, Sabujbag, Motijhil & Pallton Thana	651
RAB-4	Pallabi, Mirpur, Shah Alibag, Cantonment & Kafrul Thana	642
	Nator, Rajshahi, chapai Nowabgonj
RAB-5	Nogaon, Joypurhat, Gaibandha, Rangpur, Dinajpur, Kurigram, Lalmonirhat, Nilfamari, Thakurgaon & Panchgorh District	626
RAB-6	Khulna, Bagerhat,Satkhira, Norail, Jessore, Magora, Zenaidah, Meherpur & Chuadanga District	644
RAB-7	Chittagong, Lashmitpur, Noakhali, Feni, Khagrachari, Rangamati,Bandarban, Chandpur, Comilla & Cox’s Bazar District	631
RAB-8	Barishal, Bogura, Potuakhali, Rajbari, Jhakathi, Vola, Foridpur, Gopalgonj, Shariotpur & Madaripur District	613
RAB-9	Sylhet, Sunamgonj, Moulavibazar, Hobigonj, B’Bari, Kishorgonj, Netrokona & Mymensingh District	624
RAB-10	Kamrangirchar, Lalbag, Demra, Sutrapur,Shampur & Kotoali Thana	639
RAB-11	Narayangonj, Munsigonj, Manikgonj. Gazipur, Norsingdi & Dhaka District(Except DMP)	571
RAB-12	Bogra, Sirajgonj, Pabna, Sherpur, Jamalpur, Tangail & kushtia District	547
The Total Strength of RAB		8863

Source: Police Headquarters

§ Highway Police

Highway Police was formed on 11 June 2005 aiming to safety movement of people to different parts of Bangladesh. There are 24 Highway Thanas and 48 Highway Fari.

§ Police Telecommunication

The Police Telecommunication system was installed on a modest scale in 1966. It has since gradually expanded presently linking all the Police station with the District and Divisional Headquarters and Dhaka Central Base Station. All the four Metropolitan Police have separate Telecommunication Network. It has now a total manpower of 1250.

11. Personnel Planning

Bangladesh Police is one of the most important operational organs of the state.The primary condition of development activities is to create sound law and order situation. Police Force can play an effective role in this regard. So, a strong personnel management is urgent for an effective and dynamic police controls non-cadre (Constables to Inspector) police force. The Headquarters plans for posting or for transfer the efficient and experienced persons ion the right positions and right places and provides training for the non-cadre police in controlled by the Police Headquarters.

The cadre (ASP to IG) police officers are under control of Home Ministry. All the process of training, transfer and fixing the requirement of cadre officers are decided by Home Ministry in consultation with Establishment Ministry.

12. Recruitment Process

There are three tiers of recruitment process of Bangladesh Police.

Ø Class1 (ASP)

With a Bachelors degree (four year Hon’s), it is possible to join directly as Assistant Superintendent of Police(ASP) through competitive Bangladesh Civil Service(BCS) examination conducted by Public Service Commission. The BPSC conducts the total process of recruitment of ASP as other 28 cadres. A candidate participates firstly in a 100 marks preliminary examination and pass mark is 50 (as new process). Only the qualified candidates are eligible for the next 900 marks written examination. The qualified candidates in written exams are called for viva voce of 100 marks. These high fliers after one year of Police Academy Training and six months district probation fill up the managerial posts.

Ø Sub-Inspector

Sub-Inspector, the main investigating Officers is directly recruited from candidates having Bachelors degree through competitive examination conducted by Police Headquarters. A candidate has to prove physical fitness for participating in written exams. The finally qualified candidates go through one year training in Police Academy and two years in district as probationer. Any able bodied person having Bachelor equivalent degree and minimum height of 5’ -8’’ can be appointed as sergeant. He needs to undergo six months basic training at Police Academy Sardah.

Ø Constables

One having age limit from 18 to 20 years and with minimum height of 5’-6’’ and Secondary school or equivalent Certificate can join as Constable through examination conducted by Police Headquarters. The finally qualified candidates undergo basic training at one of the four Police Training Centers for six months.

13. Training Facilities

Training is an organizational procedure of increasing knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a particular job. To increase professional skills and efficiency of the Police Personnel to face the new challenges of the 21^st century, training is a must. There are several institutions that provide training to different levels of the Police Personnel. The institutions are; (Organogram-6)

ü The Police Academy, Sardah, Rajshahi

ü Police Staff College. Dhaka

ü Police Training Center, Rangpur

ü Police Training Center, Khulna

ü Police Training Center, Tangail

ü Police Training center, Noakhali

ü Police Special Training School, Betbunia, Rangamati

ü Traffic training School, Dhaka

ü Detective Training School, Dhaka

ü Dhaka Metropolitan police Training School, Dhaka

ü Telecom Training school

ü RAB Training School

§ The Police Academy, Sardah, Rajshahi

Police Academy, Sardah is a hundred year old, luminous and prestigious police training institute, which was established in 1912 at a place named Sardah at Chaghat police station in Rajshahi district. The 142.66 acres of land of Police Academy, Sardah is not only crowned with the grandeur of marvelous natural beauty and smell, it is also proud of accommodating various magnificent installations like Parade Ground, Principle’s Banglow, Vice Principle’s Bang low, Banglows of two SPs, Administrative Building, Academic Building, Officers’ Mess, ASP(probationary) Dormitory, Trainee SI & Constables’ Dormitory, VIP Guest House, Chimney Memorial Auditorium, a Hospital and a Mosque, Police Academy, Sardah provides the three courses as follows;

Table-8

1. Basic course: Duration

a .ASP(probationary) 12 months

b. Outside Cadet Sub Inspector 12 months

c. Departmental cadet Sub Inspector 06 months

d. Sergeants 06 months

e. Recruit Constables 06 months

f. Regular Constables 06 months

g. Rider (Constables) 06 months

h. Drummers (Constables0 06 months

2. Refreshers’ Course Duration

a. Junior staff course (Departmental Promote ASP) 04 weeks

b. Preliminary Staff Course (Inspector Unarmed) 06 weeks

c. Preliminary Staff Course (Inspector Armed) 06 weeks

d. SI (Unarmed) 08 weeks

e. SI (Armed) 08 weeks

f. Sergeant/TSI 08 weeks

g. ASI 08 weeks

h Head Constable (Unarmed) 08 weeks

I Head Constable (Armed) 08 weeks

3. Specialized Courses: Duration

a. Training of Trainers’ Course 24 days

b. Section Leaders’ Course (Head Constable-Armed0 4 months

c. Course of reproductive health and gender issue 15 days

d. NSI & Railway Security Course (sent by the Home ministry) 6 months

Source: Police Headquarters

§ Police Staff College, Dhaka

Police Staff College was established in 2000 Dhaka aiming to provide training to Assistant Superintendent of police and upwards on different course. It formulates the subject matter and syllabus of training for other training centers. It gives diploma and degree certificate to those who complete the training course from this institute. In 2005, it provided training on the following courses;

Table-9

Sl. No.	Name of Courses	Duration	Designation of Trainees
1.	1st Course of Inspector Development	11 days	ASP/AddSP/SP
2	1st Course on Professional Standards & Responsibility	5 days	ASP/AddSP/SP
3	2nd Course on Professional Standards & Responsibility	5 days	ASP/AddSP/SP
4	1st Course on Criminal Investigation Management	5 days	ASP/AddSP/SP
5	1st Course on Prison Service and Financial Management	22 days	ASP/AddSP/SP
6	3sd Course on Transnational economic Crime	13 days	SP Prison
7	3rd Course on Crisis Management & Counter Terrorism	18 days	ASP/AddSP/SP
8	1st Course on police Management for Newly Promoted	10 days	ASP
9	Anti-Terrorism Inspector Development Course	12 days	ASP/AddSP/SP
10	Interdicting Terrorist Organization	15 days	ASP/AddSP/SP
11	Human Rights and law Enforcement Course	11 days	Asst.Director/ Lnt Commander/Major/ AddSP/SP/AdddDIG

Source: The Annual Report, 2007

§ Police Training Centers

There are police training centers situated in Rangpur, Khulna, Tangail and Noakhali. They were established as regional training school to standardize the regional police training. In 1990, they were shaped up as Police Training Centers. Now, each of them is operating its duties as a distinct training unit. Each Police Training Center provides a three-month basic training course and four batches in a year and simultaneously a six-month basic training course according to the syllabus as prescribed by Police Headquarters.

§ Police Special Training school, Betbunia, Rangamati

Police Special Training School was founded in 1977 named Tactical Jungle Warfare School. In 1982, it was renamed as Police Special Training School. It conducts Weapon, Tactics, Jungle Warfare and Counter Insurgency Courses. It provides the following Training courses;

a. Jungle Warfare Orientation course

b. Special Jungle Warfare Course for SI/ASI

c. Basic Jungle Warfare Course For Police Sergeants and

d. Unit Trainer’s Training course for Habilder.

§ Traffic Training School, Dhaka

Though it does not have its own building, since 1990, it has been working with providing training about the knowledge of vehicle Process and Vehicle Run Rules. It is operating its administrative functions with training in the 2^nd building of Rajarbag Police Lines in Dhaka. Last year, it provided 747 police personnel with training in 8 batches.

§ Detective training School, Dhaka

It is the only training institution for CID, DB, in Bangladesh. It was established in 1963 under the control of CID, Dhaka. Since its inception, it has been working with providing the following training courses;

Sl. no.	Name of Courses	Duration	Designation of Trainees
1.	Aid to Good investigation course	4 weeks	ASP
2.	Case Investigation Monitoring and Prosecution Course	3 weeks	Inspector
3.	Prevention of Violence Against women and Human Behavior Course	2 weeks	Inspector
4.	Special Training Course on Human Rights	6 days	Inspector/Sergeant
5.	Investigation Training Course	5 weeks	SI
6.	Prosecution Course	2 weeks	SI
7.	Junior Investigation Course	4 weeks	ASI
8.	UNs Police Officers Mission Training Course	1 month	Constable to ASP

Source: Annual Report 2006

§ Dhaka Metropolitan Police Training School

It is situated at Rajarbag in Dhaka. It provides the following courses;

i. Orientation course for those who come from different districts and units from Constable to sub-Inspector.

ii. Pre-Investigation and Prosecution course for those who get promotion from Constable to ASI of DMP, CID and SB by participating in the promotion examination.

iii. Unarmed Combat (Male) to play role in unrest situation.

iv. Unarmed Combat (Female) to play role in unrest situation.

v. Refresher Course aiming to increase the professional skills of the Dhaka Metropolitan Police constables.

RAB Training School

(a) Senior Management Course

(b) Foreign sic Investigation Course

(c) Cyber Crime Course

(d) Basic Intelligence Course

(e) Police Investigation and Supervision Course

(f) Computer Course

(g) Driving Course

(h) Third-I Software Course

(i) Special Intelligence Course

(j) Anti-terrorism Course

14. Promotion Process

Promotion process of Bangladesh Police can be elucidated in two stages.

a) Cadre from ASP to above posts

b) Non-Cadre from Constable to inspector posts

a) Cadre from ASP to above posts

The primary stage of Class 1 Officers (Cadre) of Bangladesh Police is Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP). Promotion to ASP to Senior ASP is the primary stage for movement upwards. Promotion to Senior ASP is contingent on a qualifying examination called “Bangladesh Civil Service Cadre Officers’ Senior Scale Promotion Examination.” The Bangladesh Public Service Commission (BPSC) conducts this examination every year. The total marks of this examination are 3oo in three papers. Full marks for each paper is 100 and pass marks is 50 percent. This examination is for all cadres. An ASP who has completed four years of service can take part in this examination. The subjects for promotion examination cover three areas:

i) Paper 1: Bangladesh and Current Affairs.

ii) Paper 2: Acts, Rules and Systems applicable in use of all officers of BCS.

iii) Paper 3: Matters Relating to Police Service (Cadre)

BPSC, generally, fixes a date for receipt of application from officers of all cadres. Assistant Superintendents of Police who want to take in this examination apply through Home Ministry as Police Department is under control of it. This has to be done in a form prescribed by BPSC. They who pass the examination are only brought into consideration for promotion to senior ASP.

Merit is determined solely on the basis of marks obtained in the ACR for Senior ASP to above officers. The same system is followed in Police Department as other Ministries do in filling up the ACR. (Rank Structure & Promotion Stairs: Ornanogram-7). The following table shows fill up the ACR:

Table-11

SL.	Officer Reported Upon (ORU)	Reported Initiating Officer (RIO)	Counter Signing Officer (CSO)
1.	ASP, SASP, Addl. SP	SP	DIG
2.	SP (field level)	DIG	IGP
3.	AIG, Addl. DIG (Headquarters)	DIG	IGP
4.	DIG	IGP	Secretary (Home Ministry)
5.	Addl. IGP, IGP	Secretary (Home Ministry)	State Minister/Minister

Source: Police Headquarters

Other things being equal, seniority is determined on the basis of date of entry into service at the time of initial recruitment. The list of seniority, fixed by BPSC on the basis of the results of recruitment examination, is not interfered with. However, Home Ministry is required to draw up a list of seniority and get it vetted by BPSC. This is published and is generally known as Seniority List or Gradation List. Seniority, once fixed in consultation with BPSC, remains immutable unless otherwise decided by a competent law on the application of any aggrieved officer. The following table shows year wise promotion from ASP to addl. IGP.

Table-12

Year	Addl. IGP	DIG	Addl. DIG	SP	Addl. DIG	Senr. ASP	ASP
2003	3	21	20	52	68	–	8
2004	4	5	8	13	46	76	136
4005	7	5	11	30	47	79	74
2006	5	11