The topic of migration and marriage legitimacy has been hotly debated across Europe in recent years and as a result certain Northern European states have resorted to tightening spousal immigration regulations in an attempt to stem the influx. In the United Kingdom, ...

The term REFUGEE and PROTECTION often invoked in discussion of the needs of individuals for shelters and assylums. The movement of people between states, whether refugees or ‘migrants’, takes place in a context in which sovereignty remains important, and specifically that aspect ...

The 1951 Refugee Convention is the key legal document that forms the basis of our work. Ratified​ by 145 State parties, it defines the term ‘refugee’ and outlines the rights of the displaced, as well as the legal obligations of States ...

Refugee law is the branch of international law which deals with the rights and duties States have vis-a-vis refugees. There are differences of opinion among international law scholars as to the relationship between refugee law and international human rights law or humanitarian law. The discussion forms part ...

Anti-discrimination law or non-discrimination law refers to legislation designed to prevent discrimination against particular groups of people; these groups are often referred to as protected groups or protected classes. Anti-discrimination laws vary by jurisdiction with regard to the types of discrimination that are prohibited, and ...

The Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (c.37) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act was published on 2 December 1997 and received Royal Assent in July 1998. Its key areas were the introduction of Anti-Social Behaviour Orders, Sex Offender Orders, Parenting ...

Mutual trust has become one of the central buzzwords of the EU in its search of the future of European Union private international law. The following text unfolds possible meanings and functions of the omnipresent but quite opaque notion of ...

Michel Foucault: Political Thought. The work of twentieth-century Frenchphilosopher Michel Foucault has increasingly influenced the study of politics. ... Some critics see Foucault as effectively belonging to the political right because of his rejection of traditional left-liberal conceptions of freedom and justice. The work of twentieth-century French philosopher ...

In competition law, a relevant market is a market in which a particular product or service is sold. It is the intersection of a relevant product market and a relevant geographic market. The European Commission defines a relevant market and its product and geographic components as follows: A relevant product ...

Where the defendant acts under a mistaken belief of the circumstances they may be afforded the defence of mistake. Where a defendant acts under such a mistake, the mistake prevents them forming the mens rea of the crime and thus mistake is not really a defence as such, but relates to the ...